生物钟、代谢节律和饮食干预

Circadian clock metabolism rhythms, and dietary intervention

地球生命体表现出生理、生化和行为以24 h为周期的节律性变化称为昼夜节律或生物钟。生物节律的产生及维持是一系列与生物钟相关基因调控的结果,核心生物钟分子PER/CRY和BMAL1/CLOCK调控上千种生物钟基因的转录,使得外周生物钟与中枢生物钟保持同步,并影响代谢节律,而代谢节律的改变可通过代谢物输出或代谢相关酶和蛋白质作用,反过来影响生物钟基因时相性表达。因此,频繁扰乱生活规律可引起生物钟和代谢节律紊乱,终将导致衰老和一系列代谢疾病发生、发展。规律性健康生活对于维持正常生物节律和健康非常重要。饮食干预(摄食量、食物成分、进食时间和禁食)可以纠正或恢复生物钟和代谢节律,已成为缓解与年龄相关的身体衰退和慢性疾病的重要选择。

The 24-hour rhythmic changes in physioogy,biochemisty,and behavior of living onganisms are called circadian rhythums or biological clocks.The generation and mantenance of circadian rhythms are the result of a series of regulatory efects related to circadian clock genes.The core circadian clock molecules PER/CTY and BMAL1/CL0CK regulate the transcription of thousands of biological clock genes,keeping the peripheral circadian clock synchronized with the central circadian clock and affecting the metabolie rhythm.The changes in metabolie rhythm afect the rhythmie expression of eircadian clock genes through the output of metabolites or the action of metabolie related enzymes and proteins.Therefore,frequent disnuption of life patterns can cause disturbances in the circadian clock and metabolie rhythm,ulimately leading to aging and the ocurence and development of a series of metabolie diseases.Regular and healthy lfestyle is crucial for maintaining normal eircadian rhythms and health.Dietary interventions(food quantity,food quaility,feeding time,and fasting)can alignσreset the circadian clock and metabolic rhythm,and have become attractive methods for alleviating age-related plhysical decline and chronic diseases.