红细胞叶酸与血清叶酸的检测在临床疾病转归中的比较

Comparison of red blood cell folate and serum folate in clinical disease outcome

叶酸作为一种人体必需维生素,是一碳单位的载体,参与人体多种代谢反应,叶酸缺乏会导致胎儿神经管畸形、巨幼红细胞性贫血、心脑血管疾病和抑郁症风险增加。红细胞叶酸与血清叶酸都是反映机体叶酸水平的指标。红细胞叶酸能反映机体内近3个月叶酸储存状态,且具有稳定、不受近期膳食摄入影响的特点;血清叶酸反映机体短期内叶酸水平,其检测更加迅速和经济。在不同的疾病预防和治疗中,两者与疾病的关联性不一致,甚至有相互矛盾的研究结果,因此关于两者的应用价值没有一致的结论。由于过量补充叶酸也会导致某些疾病的风险升高,因此选择合适的指标反映机体内叶酸水平显得更为必要。本文就红细胞叶酸与血清叶酸的检测在先天畸形、心脑血管疾病、巨幼红细胞性贫血、抑郁症等疾病转归中的应用进行综述,并对过量补充叶酸的危害进行总结,以期为相关疾病的预防和治疗选择合适的指标提供参考依据。

As an essential vitamin for the human,folic acid functions as a carrier of one-carbon units and participates in various metabolic reactions.A deficiency in folie acid can lead to an increased risk of fetal neural tube defects,megaloblastic anemia,and cardiovascular diseases,and depression.Both red blood cell folate and serum folate are indicators of the body's folate levels.Red blood cell folate relects the body's folate storage status over the past 3 months,and avoids the dietary intake.Plasma folate monitoring is a faster and more convenient method.In diferent disease prevention and treatment contexts,the association between red blood ell folate und serum folate levels and the diseases themselves is inconsistent and even contradictory,which results in no consistent conclusion regarding their application value.Excessive supplementation of folie acid can also increase the risk of certain diseases,making it necessary to choose appopriate indicators to reflct the body's folate levels.This article reviews the applications of red blood cell folate and serum folate measurements in the prognoses of congenital abnormalities,cardiovascular diseases,megaloblastic anemia,and depression.It also summarizes the hazards of excessive folic acid supplementation,aiming to provide reference guidelines for selecting suitable indicators for the prevention and treatment of related diseases.