超越优绩的困境:对优绩主义的反思与修正

Beyond the Dilemma of Merit:Reflection and Revision of Meritocracy

优绩主义旨在建立一个以优绩为中心的社会,它承诺这样的社会是公正、繁荣和美好的。然而优绩主义自身的主张决定了它实现不了自身的理想。随着优绩主义的社会践行,它所带来的弊端逐渐显露,近年来成为政治哲学家思考的热点话题。由于优绩主义的历史功绩,政治哲学家们并不愿意完全舍弃优绩主义,因此寻找一系列克服优绩主义困境的方案。然而这些政治哲学家只是将优绩主义作为一种公共话语进行思考,并只是从实践层面提出具体的实施方案,所以这些政治哲学家的方案缺乏系统性,也很少系统地触及到优绩主义的原则本身,而这些方案本身也存在着缺陷。尝试将优绩主义作为一种理论形态,从理论的层面对优绩主义的核心主张进行系统思考,从理论上克服优绩主义的困境,是解决优绩主义困境的另一途径。通过对优绩主义核心主张的修正,我们得出了一种温和优绩主义理论,这种优绩主义理论能够克服优绩主义以往的困境,并为研究者推进优绩主义理论研究提供新起点。

Meritocracy aims to build a society centered on merit,which promises that such a society is just,prosperous and beautiful.However,the idea of meritocracy itself determines that it cannot realize its own ideal.As it is practiced by the society,its disadvantages are gradually revealed,and it has become a hot topic for political philosophers in recent years.Because of the historical merit of meritocracy,political philosophers are not willing to abandon it completely,so they look for a series of solutions to overcome the dilemma of meritocracy.However,these political philosophers only think about meritocracy as a public discourse,and only put forward specific implementation plans from the practical level.Therefore,their plans lack systematicness and rarely systematically touch on the principle of meritocracy itself,and these plans also have defects.It is another way to solve the dilemma of meritocracy to try to take meritocracy as a theoretical form,systematically think about the core proposition of meritocracy from the theoretical level,and theoretically overcome the dilemma of meritocracy.Through the revision of the core proposition of meritocracy,we come to a mild theory of meritocracy,which can overcome the previous difficulties of theory of meritocracy and provide a new starting point for researchers to advance their research on meritocracy.