西周文学制度与早期中国文学精神特质之生成

The Literary System of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Formation ofEarly Chinese Literary Spiritual Traits

在殷周之际的思想文化变革中,周公制礼作乐的意识形态建构不自觉地促生了西周的文学制度。西周文学制度肇基于礼乐,孕育了独特的文学精神特质,奠定了中国文学的文化基因。具体表现为:礼乐书写制度彰显指向现实的精神向度,教化主题促生趋向温婉中和的审美取向,农业经验涵养深厚的历史理性精神,礼乐文献承载形成体例独特的文学表达。西周文学制度依“礼”“教”“经”“体”之制度四维建构了早期中国文学精神特质的生成场域,影响了中国古代文学在后世的发展走向。

The literary system of the Western Zhou Dynasty was born during the ideological and cultural transformation during the Yin and Zhou dynasties,and the ideological construction of the Duke Zhou's ritual and music system unconsciously promoted the literary system of the Western Zhou Dynasty.The literary system of the Western Zhou Dynasty,based on ritual and music,nurtured unique literary spiritual traits and established the cultural gene of Chinese literature,which is embodied as follows:the writing of ritual and music reflects the spirit of realism,the theme of edification generates a gentle and moderate aesthetic orientation,the agricultural experience cultivates rich historical rational spirit,and the document of ritual and music forms a unique literary expression.In a word,the literary system of the Western Zhou Dynasty relies on"ritual","edification","experience"and"genre",constructed the generation field of the spiritual traits of early Chinese literature and affected the development trend of ancient Chinese literature in later generations.