两种生物种衣剂对大豆生长及产量的影响

Effects of Two Biological Seed Coating Agents on Growth and Yield of Soybean

种子包衣可以预防大豆根系病虫害发生,促进幼苗生长和增加大豆产量。生物种衣剂的应用符合国家农药减施增效的政策,生物种衣剂替代化学种衣剂是今后发展的方向。利用筛选获得的解淀粉芽孢杆菌HJ-1、放线菌M1-4与成膜剂复配制成生物种衣剂,对大豆绥农28种子进行包衣处理,以成膜剂处理为对照,并与化学种衣剂处理比较,采用随机区组试验设计,研究微生物包衣处理对大豆株高、叶绿素等主要生长性状及产量性状的影响。结果表明:化学种衣剂和HJ-1种衣剂显著提高大豆出苗率,处理间无显著差异;M1-4显著提高了大豆苗期根冠比;HJ-1显著提高花期和鼓粒期大豆株高,M1-4显著提高鼓粒期大豆株高;化学种衣剂显著提高花期大豆叶面积指数,HJ-1种衣剂显著提高荚期大豆叶面积指数;田间试验表明HJ-1和M1-4可以显著提高单株荚数对其他产量性状无显著影响,化学种衣剂和HJ-1、M1-4两种生物种衣剂均能提高大豆产量,第一年产量分别提高47.39%、34.16%和40.60%,第二年,化学种衣剂、HJ-1和M1-4处理后大豆产量与成膜剂处理相比提高26.92%,13.86%和32.81%,生物种衣剂处理与化学种衣剂处理相比对产量的影响并无显著差异。在大豆生产中,生物种衣剂更符合国家农药减施增效的政策。

Seed coating can prevent soybean root diseases and insect pests,promote seedling growth and increase soybean yield.The application of biological seed coating agent is in line with the national policy of reducing pesticide application and increasing efficiency.Biological seed coating agent instead of chemical seed coating agent is the future development direction.Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HJ-1 and actinomycete M1-4 screened were compounded with film former to make biological seed coating agent.Soybean seeds of Suinong 28 were treated with biological seed coating agent,using film former as control,and compared with chemical seed coating agent.Randomized block design was used to study the effects of microbial seed coating agent on soybean plant height,chlorophyll and other major growth traits and yield traits.The results showed that chemical seed coating agent and HJ-1 seed coating agent significantly increased the emergence rate of soybean,and there was no significant difference between treatments.M1-4 significantly increased the root-shoot ratio of soybean seedlings;HJ-1 significantly increased the plant height of soybean at flowering and seed filling stage,and M1-4 significantly increased the plant height of soybean at seed filling stage.Chemical seed coating agent significantly increased leaf area index of flowering soybean,HJ-1 seed coating agent significantly increased leaf area index of podding soybean.Field experiments showed that HJ-1 and M1-4 could significantly increase the number of pods per plant,but had no significant effect on other yield traits.Chemical seed coating agent and HJ-1 and M1-4 biological seed coating agent could increase soybean yield,and the yield increased by 47.39%,34.16%and 40.60%,respectively.In the second year,the yield of soybean treated with chemical seed coating agent,HJ-1 and M1-4 was 26.92%,13.86%and 32.81%higher than that treated with film forming agent.The effect of biological seed coating agent on yield compared with chemical seed coating agent was not significant.In soybean production,biological seed coating agent is more in line with the national policy of reducing pesticide application and increasing efficiency.