中国锂动力电池产业链污染调查评估及风险管控

Pollution evaluation and environmental risk management of China’s lithium power batteries industry chain

在碳达峰、碳中和目标指引下,新能源汽车产业带动锂动力电池迅猛发展,锂动力电池全产业链包括上游锂资源开发利用与锂盐生产、中游锂动力电池原材料生产与锂动力电池制造、下游锂动力电池的回收与利用,其生产过程均对生态环境产生不同程度的影响。基于全国环境影响评价管理信息平台相关数据及产业链产排污特征分析,研究指出中国锂动力电池产业发展面临的环境风险,并提出针对性的建议。结果表明,上游锂资源扩产面临较大的生态环境风险,锂盐生产或影响区域环境空气质量;中游锂动力电池生产过程涉及多种重金属与有机物,存在环境风险;下游回收利用现状不容乐观;建议从环境准入、排污许可、企业环境主体责任等方面入手,加强全产业链的环境风险管控。

To achieve the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goal,China’s lithium power batteries developed rapidly driven by the development of new energy vehicles.The lithium power battery industry chain included lithium resource development and lithium salt production,lithium power battery raw material production and battery manufacturing,and lithium power battery recycling,the production processes of such industry chain affected the ecological environment to varying degrees.Based on the China’s environmental impact assessment information management platform and the analysis of pollution characteristics,this paper systematically evaluated the environmental risks faced by the development of China’s lithium power battery industry and proposed relevant suggestions.The results indicated that the expansion of upstream lithium resources faced significant ecological and environmental risks,and lithium salt production might affect regional environmental air quality.The production process of midstream lithium power batteries involved various heavy metals and organic compounds,which posed environmental risks.The current situation of downstream recycling was not optimistic.It was recommended to strengthen environmental risk control throughout the entire industry chain from the aspect of environmental admittance,pollution discharge permits,and corporate environmental responsibility.