体育活动预测大学生性别角色发展的研究——基于昆明高校的数据

Research on Sports Activities Predicting Development of College Students’Gender Roles Based on Data Obtained from Universities in Kunming

目的:针对“男性女性化”话题进行理论分析和调查研究,探讨体育活动与性别角色之间的关系。方法:对云南大学、昆明理工大学和云南师范大学的大学生发放《大学生性别角色量表》(CSRI—50)和体育活动调查表,回收有效问卷1 030份。通过交叉表卡方检验对体育活动的每次平均持续时间、周运动频率、运动强度等是否对性别角色的表现形式有统计学意义进行检验;然后将通过显著性检验的变量纳入无序多分类Logistic回归分析,以确定体育活动的各要素及其水平是否对性别角色的表现形式起到预测作用。结果:交叉表卡方检验结果显示,每次运动持续时间、运动频率和运动强度对性别角色的表现均具有统计学意义。Logistic回归结果显示,相对于未分化的性别角色,与每次运动持续时间小于30 min、每周1次的运动频率、无汗和微微出汗的运动强度相比,在男性化和女性化模型中,除了每周2~4次的运动频率对男性化具有正向提升之外,每次运动持续时间、运动强度、运动频率等均无统计学意义。在双性化模型中,大于60分钟的运动持续时间、更高的运动频率、出汗较多和大汗淋漓的运动强度对双性化具有统计学意义。结论:体育活动的每次持续时间、周运动频率、运动强度等都可能是影响性别角色发展的重要原因;每次1小时以上、高于每周1次的运动频率、出汗较多的运动强度,都是双性化性别角色的有效预测变量;可以通过体育参与的情况对大学生的性别角色进行初步的判别,或通过大学生的性别角色来初步判别其参与体育活动的可能性。

The objective of this study was to explore the relationships between sports activities and gender roles based on the topic of“male feminization”through theoretical analysis.A total of 1030 valid questionnaires were collected from the students of Yunnan University,Kunming University of Science and Technology and Yunnan Normal University.The cross-table chi-square test was used to test whether the average duration,weekly exercise frequency and exercise intensity had statistical significance on gender roles.Then the variables that passed the significance test were included in the disordered multi-category Logistic regression analysis to determine whether the factors and their levels of sports activity had a predictive effect on the performance of gender roles.The test showed that the duration,frequency and intensity of exercise had statistical significance on the performance of gender roles.The results of logistic regression showed that compared with undifferentiated gender roles,the duration of each exercise less than 30 minutes,the frequency of exercise once a week,and the intensity of no sweat and slightly sweaty exercise,in the masculine and feminine models,the duration,intensity,and frequency of exercise had no statistical significance while the frequency of exercise 2 to 4 times a week had a positive effect on masculinity.In the androgynous model,the duration of exercise longer than 60 minutes,higher exercise frequency,more sweating and sweaty exercise intensity were statistically significant.The duration of each sports activity,weekly exercise frequency,exercise intensity might be the important causes that affected the development of gender roles.The exercise frequency of more than 1 hour per session,more than 1 session per week,and exercise intensity with excessive sweating were all the effective predictive variables of gender roles.The gender roles of the students could be preliminarily identified through their participation in sports,or their likelihood of participating in sports activities could be preliminarily identified through their gender roles.