基于钻石模型的主要木质林产品国际竞争力来源分析

Analysis on the Sources of International Competitiveness of Main Wooden Forest Products Based on Diamond Model

近年来世界木质林产品出口竞争态势发生了显著变化,分析木质林产品国际竞争力来源及其动态变化,有助于中国木质林产品重构竞争优势。文章利用UN Comtrade、WDI数据库等相关数据,以国际市场占有率表征的实际国际竞争力为导向,借助钻石模型构建指标体系对比分析不同木质林产品国际竞争力的来源。结果显示:木质原料是木质林产品国际竞争力来源的基本要素,初级劳工是木质家具、胶合板等劳动密集型产品国际竞争力来源,技术、资本等高级要素是纸及纸板、刨花板等资本和技术密集型产品国际竞争力来源;先发优势形成的质量、品牌优势是发达国家木质林产品国际竞争力的来源;相关支持性产业水平以及区域集聚对木质林产品国际竞争力具有显著影响;外商投资企业、民营企业发展以及激烈的市场竞争是形成中国主要木质林产品国际竞争力的激发因素;积极的国际合作为中国木质林产品提高国际竞争力提供了机遇;林产品贸易、产业政策促进了中国木质林产品国际竞争力的提高。结合中国的具体情况,提出政策启示:推进工业原料林建设,加大木质原料回收力度;加快先进装备技术普及应用;提高产品质量、档次;提升装备制造业水平,推进产业链融合和产业空间集聚;激发各类市场主体活力,维护公平竞争的市场环境;紧抓国际合作新机遇,深化供给侧改革。

In recent years,the competitive situation of wooden forest product exports in the world have undergone significant changes.Analyzing the sources and their dynamic changes of international competitiveness of wooden forest products can help China reconstruct the competitive advantage.Based on relevant data from UN Comtrade,WDI databases and so on,guided by the actual international competitiveness represented by international market share,the Diamond model was used to established indicator system to analyze the sources of international competitiveness of different wooden forest products.The results showed that:Wooden raw materials remained the fundamental factor in forming the international competitiveness of wooden forest products,the primary labor was a source of international competitiveness for labor-intensive products such as wooden furniture and plywood,advanced elements such as technology and capital were the sources of international competitiveness for capital and technology intensive products such as paper and particleboard.The quality and brand advantages formed by the first mover advantage were sources of international competitiveness for wooden forest products in developed countries.The level of relevant supporting industries and regional agglomeration had significant impacts on the international competitiveness of wooden forest products.The development of foreign-invested and private enterprises,as well as the fierce competition,were motivating factors in forming the international competitiveness of China's main wooden forest products.The Active international cooperation had provided opportunities for China's wooden forest products to improve their international competitiveness.Forest product trade policies and related industrial policies had promoted the improvement of international competitiveness of China's wooden forest products.Combined with the specific situation in China,some suggestions were proposed as follows:Promoting the construction of industrial raw material forests and increasing the recycling of wood raw materials.Accelerating the popularization and application of advanced equipment technology.Improving product quality and grade.Improving the level of equipment manufacturing industry and promoting the integration of industry chains and the spatial agglomeration.Stimulating the vitality of various market entities and maintaining a fair competitive market environment.Seizing the new opportunities for international cooperation and deepening supply side reform.