磷肥减量与有机替代对露地辣椒产量品质及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of phosphorus reduction and organic substitution on yield,quality,and soil fertility of open-field pepper

为制定长期高氮高磷投入背景下浙江省露地辣椒产区减肥增效方案,本研究采用田间试验探究了化学磷肥减量与有机肥替代对露地辣椒产量品质及土壤肥力的影响。试验以“萧新系列”辣椒为材料,设置5个处理:不施肥对照(CK)、常规施肥(CF)、化学磷肥减量30%(OF)、化学磷肥减量30%+有机肥替代15%化肥氮(OF-15N)、化学磷肥减量30%+有机肥替代30%化肥氮(OF-30N)。结果表明:OF、OF-15N和OF-30N处理较CF处理产量分别提高3.20%、14.59%和12.21%,扣除肥料成本的效益分别提高3.37%、15.21%和12.84%;与CF处理相比,OF、OF-15N和OF-30N处理辣椒糖酸比提高0.50~2.28,改善辣椒可溶性糖、糖酸比等营养品质指标,尤其在提高钙、镁、铁、锌等中微量元素含量方面效果显著,且OF-15N和OF-30N处理产量品质提升效果优于OF处理;相较于CF处理,OF、OF-15N和OF-30N处理的土壤pH值、土壤有机质和全氮均有不同程度的提升,而土壤有效磷供应水平并未显著下降;与试验前相比,OF、CF和CK处理土壤综合肥力指数值(IFI)有所下降,而OF-15N和OF-30N处理的IFI均有所提升,且OF-30N处理的提升效果优于OF-15N处理。综合来看,在化学磷肥减量30%的基础上,通过有机肥替代30%化肥氮处理对露地辣椒产量品质及土壤肥力的提升效果显著,可作为露地辣椒的减肥增效方案。

To develop a scheme for reducing chemical fertilizer and improving efficiency in open-field pepper-producing areas,under the backdrop of long-term high nitrogen and phosphorus input in Zhejiang Province,this study investigated the effects of reducing chemical phosphorus fertilizer and replacing it with organic fertilizer on open-field pepper yield,quality,and soil fertility in a field experiment.The experiment utilized“Xiaoxin series”pepper as the primary material,and included five treatments:no fertilizer as control(CK),conventional fertilizer(CF),30% chemical phosphorus fertilizer reduction(OF),30%chemical phosphorus fertilizer reduction+organic fertilizer substitution for 15%nitrogen of chemical fertilizer(OF-15N),and 30% chemical phosphorus fertilizer reduction+organic fertilizer substitution for 30% nitrogen of chemical fertilizer(OF-30N).The results demonstrated that:The yield in OF,OF-15N and OF-30N treatments increased by 3.20%,14.59%,and 12.21%,respectively,compared with the CF treatment,and the benefit after deducting fertilizer cost increased by 3.37%,15.21%,and 12.84%,respectively;The sugar-acid ratio of open-field pepper grown under OF,OF-15N,and OF-30N treatments increased by approximately 0.50–2.28 relative to the CF treatment,leading to improved nutritional quality indices of soluble sugar and sugar-acid ratio,particularly in terms of the increased content of minor and trace elements,including calcium,magnesium,iron,and zinc;Consequently,the open-field pepper yield and quality in OF-15N and OF-30N treatments were apparently higher than in OF treatment;Soil pH value,soil organic matter,and total nitrogen increased to varying degrees in OF,OF-15N,and the OF-30N treatments compared to thee CF treatment,while no significant decrease in soil available phosphorus supply capacity was observed;The soil comprehensive fertility index(IFI)observed in the OF-15N and OF-30N treatments was increased,but it was slightly decreased in the OF,CF,and CK treatments when compared with the pre-experiment treatment.The OF-30N treatment showed greater improvement than OF-15N.In summary,based on a 30% reduction in chemical phosphorus fertilizer,organic fertilizer substitution for 30% nitrogen of chemical fertilizer(OF-30N)treatment has a prominent effect on improving the yield,quality,and soil fertility of openfield pepper.It could be a viable scheme for reducing chemical fertilizer and improving efficiency.