后激活增强效应对山西省优秀男子跳马运动员助跑与踏跳影响的实验研究

Experimental study on the influence of the post-activation potentiation Effect on Run-up and step jump of elite male vault athletes in Shanxi Province

目的:本研究旨在探索在不同膝关节角度(60°、90°、120°)下进行的颈后蹲刺激,对4名山西省优秀男子跳马运动员在随后的15s、4min、8min、12min、16min完成跳马动作时助跑和踏跳过程中的运动学数据以及下肢肌肉肌电数据的影响。希望找到一种最佳的颈后蹲刺激条件和方式,以提高后激活效应在体操跳马项目中的运用效果,并为训练和比赛提供指导和建议。方法:本研究同时使用两台JVC GC-P100对优秀男子跳马运动员的技术动作进行影像数据采集,随后利用APAS三维解析系统进行影像解析,以获取运动学数据。同时,使用Noraxon 16导遥测肌电仪对运动员完成技术动作时所需大量动员的相关下肢肌肉(包括股直肌、股外侧肌、股内侧肌、股二头肌、腓肠肌、胫骨前肌)的肌电数据进行测量并对获得的数据进行详细分析。结果:60°膝角下的5次90%1RM颈后蹲刺激后的4min会使运动员的运动表现显著性提高,运动学数据及iEMG值大幅上升。结论:(1)60°、90°和120°膝角下的5次90%1RM颈后蹲预刺激,均可使男性跳马运动员助跑和踏跳阶段的运动学表现和iEMG值显著提高。60°膝角的刺激效果最优。(2)选择在60°膝角的颈后蹲预刺激后的4min完成跳马动作,运动员下肢肌肉募集运动单位能力最强,肌肉活性明显增大,运动学和iEMG指标达到峰值。(3)跳马动作中的助跑和踏跳阶段均可受到颈后蹲预刺激的促进作用。

Objective:This study aimed to examine alterations in electromyography(EMG)and kinematic data of lower limb muscles in four elite male vault athletes from Shanxi Province following five sets of back squat stimuli at 90%of their one-repetition maximum(1RM)at varying knee angles(60°,90°,120°)and recovery durations(15s,4min,8min,12min,16min).The objective was to identify optimal stimulation conditions and methods for inducing post-activation potentiation effects in vault,specifically focusing on determining the most effective back squat knee angle and rest duration.These findings aim to provide recommendations for implementing post-activation potentiation effects in training and competition for gymnastics vault events.Methods:Two JVC GC-P100 cameras were utilized for three-dimensional fixed-point shooting of athletes'technical actions,followed by analysis using the APAS three-dimensional analysis system to acquire kinematic data.The Noraxon 16-lead telemetry myoelectric instrument was employed to measure myoelectric data of lower limb muscles(including the rectus femoris,lateral femoral muscle,medial femoral muscle,biceps femoris,gastrocnemius,and anterior tibial muscle),with subsequent data analysis.Results:Following five sets of 90%1RM back squat stimuli,significant enhancements were observed under the condition of back squat pre-stimulation at a 60°knee angle combined with a 4-minute recovery duration,with notable increases in kinematic data and iEMG values.Conclusions:Back squat pre-activation at knee angles of 60°,90°,and 120°,each performed for 5 sets at 90%1RM,resulted in significant enhancements in kinematic performance and iEMG values during the run-up and take-off phases for male vaulters.The stimulation at 60°knee angle demonstrated the most favorable effects.Opting for back squat pre-activation at a knee angle of 60°,followed by a 4-minute recovery period,led to the highest recruitment capacity of lower limb muscles,accompanied by a significant increase in muscle activity,peaking in both kinematic and iEMG indicators during vault.Both the run-up and take-off phases of vaulting benefited from back squat pre-activation,emphasizing its facilitative effect.