对国内外训练操作性方法理论的对比研究

Comparative Study on the Theory of Operational Training Methods at home and abroad

训练方法理论是训练学理论体系的重要组成部分,也是训练学中最具实践性与应用价值的理论问题之一;为提高国内训练学的理论指导性,探究当前国内训练学理论与实践应用结合不紧密的现象缘由,本文以训练学理论体系中的训练方法理论为研究对象,将国内经典训练学教材中关于训练操作性方法的理论表述与国外训练学专著中的相关内容进行对比分析,以国内外在训练操作性方法理论建构过程中的差异性为切入点,对国内训练理论在向实践转化中的瓶颈问题进行研究。结论:国内对训练操作性方法的定义与分类研究,多以第三方观察者角度,从结果出发以多种分类标准进行描述;国外则多以训练方法使用者为第一视角,以解决某一训练问题或达到某一训练目的为出发点进行论述;在具体分类上,分解训练法与完整训练法在实践中多应用于运动技术的教法范畴;变换训练法属于持续训练法的范围更为恰当;循环法、重复法、比赛法如按照对训练主体的刺激目标与生物性发展效果,都可归类于间歇训练法大类中。

The theory of training methods is an important part of theoretical system of sports training,and it is also one of the most practical and valuable theoretical problems in training;In order to explore the reason why the current domestic training theory is not closely combined with practical application,this paper takes the training method theory in the training theory system as the research object,and makes a comparative analysis of the theoretical expression of training operational methods in the domestic classic teaching material and the relevant contents in foreign training monographs,Starting from the differences in the theoretical construction of operational training methods at home and abroad,this paper studies the limitation in the transformation of domestic training theory into practice.Conclusion:domestic researches on the definition and classification of operational training methods are mostly from the perspective of the third-party observer,starting from the results,and described by a variety of classification standards;In foreign studies,training method users are regarded as the first point of view to solve a certain training problem or achieve a certain training purpose;In the specific classification,decomposing training method and integrated training method are more inclined to the category of teaching method in application;it will be more appropriate to change transform training method to the scope of continuous training method;cyclic training method,repetition method and competition method can be classified into the interval training method category according to the stimulation target and biological development effect of the training subject.