环境信息公开的必要性、困境与对策——基于法经济学视角

Research on Environmental Information Disclosure from the Perspective of Law and Economics

环境信息公开是我国生态文明建设的基本要求,但在现有制度背景下由于企业的环境信息公开存在囚徒困境;地方政府作为理性经济人公开环境信息积极性不高以及因信息不对称问题而产生的逆向选择与寻租行为,致使政府与相关企业作为环境信息公开主体并不能提供充分准确的环境信息。利用法经济学的研究方法,分析我国环境信息公开的必要性与困境,建议我国应当建立健全的环境信息公开法律规范体系、积极运用促进性和经济刺激性调整方法进行调控、积极鼓励民间力量参与环境信息公开,以克服市场失灵与政府失灵所产生的环境信息供给不足问题。

Environmental information disclosure is the basic requirement of the construction of ecological civilization in our country,but in the existing system background because of the enterprise environmental information disclosure there are prisoners’dilemma;Local governments,as rational economic men,have little enthusiasm in disclosing environmental information,as well as adverse selection and rent-seeking behaviors caused by information asymmetry.As a result,governments and related enterprises,as subjects of environmental information disclosure,cannot provide adequate and accurate environmental information.By using the research method of law and economics,analyze the necessity and predicament of environmental information disclosure,and suggest that we should establish a perfect legal standard system of environmental information disclosure,and actively use promoting and economic stimulant adjustment method to adjust and regulate,and actively encourage the private sector to participate in environmental information disclosure,overcome the market failure and government failure of environmental information supply shortage.