低阶层青少年为何更易出现心理健康问题?——基于社会生态视角的多重中介分析

Why are lower class adolescents more likely to have mental health problems?——A multiple mediation analysis from a socio-ecological perspective

青少年是重大公共卫生应激事件的脆弱人群。本研究基于社会生态视角,分析了应激事件中社会阶层对青少年心理健康的影响。研究采用社会阶层量表、不可预测性量表、行为抑制系统量表、风险感知量表,以及12题项一般健康问卷,对1 563名居家在线学习的青少年进行了调查。多重中介分析发现,童年逆境、威胁敏感性和风险感知在阶层与心理健康之间起到链式中介作用。低阶层青少年经历了更多的童年逆境,由此产生更高的威胁敏感性,且在应激事件情境中风险感知水平更高,进而导致更多的心理健康问题。研究揭示了阶层对青少年心理健康的重要影响路径,对于制定相关政策和提出干预措施来改善高危人群的心理健康具有重要意义。

Adolescents are vulnerable to major public health stress events.Based on a socio-ecological perspective,this study analyzes the influence of social class on adolescents’mental health during stress events.1563 adolescents engaged in home online learning completed the Social Class Scale,Unpredictability Scale,Behavioral Inhibition System Scale,COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale,and 12-item General Health Questionnaire.Multiple mediation analysis revealed that childhood adversity,threat sensitivity,and risk perception acted as serial mediators between social class and mental health.Lower class adolescents experienced greater childhood adversity,which led to higher levels of threat sensitivity and increased risk perception during stress events,ultimately resulting in more mental health problems.This study identifies the significant pathways that elucidate the influence of social class on adolescents’mental health,which is of vital significance for formulating relevant policies and proposing intervention measures to improve the mental health of high-risk populations.