类型学视域下的鄂尔浑-叶尼塞碑铭语言条件标记研究

A study on the conditional markers of Orkhon-Yenisei inscription from the perspective of typology

鄂尔浑-叶尼塞碑铭语言中的条件标记主要通过动词形式的动词词干缀接-sar/-s?r来标记。碑铭语言条件句较为依赖从句和主句构成的充分条件的逻辑关系;在句法位置上,从句在前,主句在后,位置一般比较固定;在句法表现上,条件语义范畴受将来时时态的影响较大;在语义层面上,从句的特点表现为假设性和未来时间性,具有传达说话者强烈主观态度的功能,主句具有较强的主观性特征。

The conditional markers in the Orkhon-Yenisei inscriptions are mainly marked by the verb form with the suffix - sar/- s r. The conditional sentences in inscriptions rely more on the logical relationship of sufficient conditions formed by clauses and main sentences. In terms of syntactic position, the clause is in the front and the main sentence is in the back, resulting in a relatively fixed positional relationship. In terms of syntactic expression, the future tense is of great significance for the composition of conditional semantic categories. On the semantic level, conditional clauses have characteristics such as hypothesis and timeliness, while conditional clauses have subjective characteristics. At the pragmatic level, conditional sentences express the speaker’s strong subjective attitude.