引进美国小麦种质资源抗病性及品质性状鉴定

Identification of Disease Resistance and Quality Characters of Wheat Germplasm Resources Imported from the United States

为了挖掘新的种质资源,本研究对引自美国的442份小麦材料对白粉病和条锈病的抗病性、蛋白含量以及高分子量麦谷蛋白(HMW-GS)亚基组成进行了鉴定分析。抗病性鉴定结果显示,153份材料抗白粉病,27份抗条锈病,6份兼抗两种病害。蛋白质含量达到GB/T 17892-1999《优质小麦强筋小麦》一等(粗蛋白质含量≥15.0%)的样品有143份。高分子量麦谷蛋白检测发现,供试材料共含18种HMW-GS亚基和100种不同亚基组合类型,其中N,7+9,5+10出现次数最多,优质亚基1、2*、7^(oe)、17+18、5+10的材料分别占总材料数的25.6%、5.2%、27.8%、7.7%和25.6%,含7^(oe),5+10亚基的有36份,含2*,5+10亚基的有1份,含2*,7^(oe)亚基的有7份。综合抗病性及品质分析结果显示,PI 17738等11份材料至少抗1种病害,且蛋白含量≥15.0%,湿面筋含量≥35.0%,同时含有稀有优质亚基。以上11份材料可作为我国优质、抗病小麦培育亲本,为我国小麦抗病和品质遗传改良提供优异基因源。

Broadening the genetic diversity of wheat is of great significance in genetic improvement and production of wheat.To obtain new germplasm resource with constant resistance and high quality,in this study,a total of 442 wheat accessions imported from the USA were assessed for the resistance against powdery mildew and stripe rust in the field,as well as the protein content and HMW-GS subunit composition.We found that among these accessions,153 accessions showed resistance to powdery mildew,27 to stripe rust,and 6 to both diseases.The proteins in 143 accessions reached the level of high gluten wheat(GB/T 17892-1999),with more than or equal to 15.0%.Analysis of HMW-GS revealed that 18 types of subunits and 100 types of subunit combinations were presented in the tested wheat accessions,with the highest frequency being N/7+9/5+10 subunit combination.The frequencies of high quality subunits of 1,2*,7^(oe),17+18 and 5+10,were 25.6%,5.2%,27.8%,7.7%and 25.6%,respectively,among which the subunits of(7^(oe),5+10),(2*,7^(oe))and(2*,5+10)were found in 36,7,and 1 accession(s),respectively.Resistance test and quality analysis indicated that eleven accessions,which is PI 629117、PI 572546、PI 601288、PI 5493、PI 17738、PI 277165、PI 483455、PI 355698、PI 606243、PI 583754 and PI 447340,were resistant against at least one disease,and with protein content≥15.0%,wet gluten content≥35.0%.Meantime,these accessions possessed these rare and high quality subunits.Together,our results indicated eleven accessions imported from the USA are potential for improving the resistance against powdery mildew and stripe rust as well as quality characters in wheat breeding.