EMS诱变玉米自交系郑58后代变异分析及应用评价

Variation Analysis and Application Evaluation of Progeny of Maize Inbred Line Zheng 58 by EMS Chemical Mutation

种子是农业的“芯片”,是保障粮食安全的根本,农业种质资源又被称为“种业芯片”。因此,引进、创制和丰富种质资源是攻克“卡脖子”技术的关键,通过人工诱变是种质资源创新的一个重要途径。利用0.67 mg/L EMS诱变玉米自交系郑58花粉,构建1650个株系的玉米突变体库,从M_(2)和M_(3)后代筛选到包括生育期、株型、叶型、穗型、粒型、叶色、轴色、育性等多个农艺性状突变体,表型变异率约为9.6%。结果表明,具有育种应用潜能的代表性材料有Z330、Z641和Z1433等,可供用于选育矮秆、低穗位、耐密植、抗倒伏型新品种;Z636、Z848和Z930等新种质材料可用于测配或改良玉米穗型、粒型、轴色、粒色及品质性状。

Seeds are dubbed as the“chips”of agriculture,play a fundamental role in ensuring food security.Agricultural germplasm resources are also known as"seed chip",are crucial for overcoming technological barriers.Therefore,the introduction,creation and enrichment of germplasm resources are the key to overcome the“bottle⁃neck”technology,and artificial mutagenesis serves as an important way for innovating germplasm resources.In this study,maize inbred line Zheng 58 pollen was mutated by 0.67 mg/L EMS,and a library of 1650 maize mutants was constructed.From the progeny of M_(2) and M_(3),mutants were screened for several agronomic traits,including growth stage,plant type,leaf type,ear type,grain type,leaf color,axial color,fertility,etc.The phenotypic variation rate was about 9.6%.Representative materials with promising breeding applications,such as Z330,Z641 and Z1433,were identified.These can be used for breeding new varieties of dwarf,low spike position,dense planting resistance and lodging resistance.New germplasm materials such as Z636,Z848 and Z930 can be used to test or improve maize spike type,kernel type,axial color,and grain color and quality characters.