论地方性法规补充设定行政处罚制度的具体适用——以北京市45部地方性法规为分析样本

On the Specific Application of the Administrative Penalty System Supplemented by Local Regulations—Taking the 45 Local Laws and Regulations in Beijing as the Analysis Examples

2021年修订的《行政处罚法》首次突破了地方性法规设定行政处罚的原有模式,赋予了地方性法规补充设定行政处罚的权力,彰显了中央与地方分权理论的实践价值,切实弥补了上位法的立法空白,是发挥地方积极性的与时俱进的一项全新举措。立足具体立法实践,以北京市颁布生效的45部地方性法规为研究样本,从行政处罚补充设定的数量、行政处罚补充设定的集中领域、行政处罚补充设定的种类等多个角度对当前补充设定处罚制度进行实践考察,尝试性提出制度完善建议:一方面,厘定地方性法规补充设定行政处罚的适用空间;另一方面,完善地方性法规行政处罚补充设定的制度框架。

The Administrative Penalty Law revised in 2021 breaks through the original mode for the first time concerning setting administrative penalties by local regulations,and gives local regulations the power to supplementally set administrative penalties.This measure highlights the practical value of the theory of decentralized power between central and local governments in China,effectively fills the legislative gap of the higher-level law,and brings local enthusiasm into play as a brand-new initiative keeping pace with the times.Based on the specific legislative practice,this paper takes 45 local laws and regulations issued in Beijing as the analysis example,and examines the current supplementary penalty system from various aspects such as the number,the concentrated fields,and the types of supplementary administrative penalties.Then the tentative suggestions for system improvement are put forward:on the one hand,it is necessary to determine the application space of supplementary administrative penalties set by local regulations;on the other hand,it is necessary to improve the institutional framework for supplementary administrative penalties set by local regulations.