潮土与滩涂盐土环境下甘薯块根产量及营养成分差异分析

Differences in Yield and Nutrition of Sweet Potato Storage Roots Grown in Fluvo-Aquic Soil Versus Saline Soil

甘薯[Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]具有高产稳产特性及较好的耐逆能力。为了探究甘薯盐碱地推广的适宜性,本研究对比分析113份甘薯材料在潮土与盐土两种土壤环境下的块根产量,并对其中10份材料的营养成分进行差异分析。结果表明,在含盐量4.4‰的盐土中,约30%的参试材料没有产量,有产量材料的产量平均值相对潮土环境减少79.98%。与潮土相比,除个别材料外(XY153和XY205),盐土中甘薯块根干物率、淀粉含量、蛋白质含量降低,可溶性糖含量增加,具体表现为:盐土中薯块干物率、淀粉含量、蛋白质含量平均值分别减少3.86、6.15、1.73个百分点,可溶性糖含量平均值增加4.38个百分点;盐土中多数材料薯块类胡萝卜素含量降低,平均值相对减少22.34%;除栗子香外,其余材料直链淀粉含量在盐土中均降低,所有材料直链淀粉含量平均值降低1.89个百分点。X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,普薯32淀粉为C型晶体型,其余材料为CA型晶体,两种土壤环境中的淀粉晶体型无明显差异。此外,筛选到高耐盐品系XY33、XY44,耐盐系数分别为0.69和0.61,可作为耐盐种质利用。本研究结果为甘薯在滩涂盐土中的种植推广提供了理论指导。

Sweet potato[Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.] has high and stable yield,along with good stress tolerance.To assess the potential of promoting sweet potatoes in saline-alkali soil,a comparative analysis was conducted on storage root yield and nutritional composition in fluvo-aquic and saline soil.The findings revealed that in saline soil with 4.4%o salt content,approximately 30%of the tested materials had no yield,while productive materials experienced an average reduction in yield by 79.98%.Except for XY153 and XY205,the dry matter content,starch content,and protein content of sweet potato storage roots decreased in saline soil,while soluble sugar content increased.Specifically,in saline soil,the storage roots'dry matter content,starch content,and protein content decreased by averages of 3.86,6.15 and 1.73 percentage points,respectively,whereas the soluble sugar content increased by an average of 4.38 percentage points.In saline soil,the carotenoid content of most materials decreased,with an average relative reduction of 22.34%.Apart from Lizixiang,the amylose content of all other materials declined in saline soil,with an average relative decrease of 1.89 percentage points.XRD analysis demonstrated that Pushu 32 starch exhibited type C crystal structure,while the rest displayed type Ca crystal structure,indicating no significant difference in starch crystal structure between the two soil environments.Additionally,salt-tolerant materials XY33 and XY44 were identified,possessing salt tolerance coefficients of 0.69 and 0.61,respectively,making them suitable for salt tolerance utilization.This study provides theoretical guidance for the promotion of sweet potato in saline soil.