化学诱变提高植物抗逆性的研究进展

Chemical Mutagenesis in Improving Plant Stress Resistance

化学诱变是农业上一种传统的育种技术,在植物抗逆育种方面受到育种家的青睐,用于改善植物的抗寒、抗旱、耐盐碱性等育种方面的研究。植物组织培养技术是实现细胞或个体快速繁殖的有效途径。以上两种技术的结合,可有效提高突变的频率,人为扩大植物遗传变异范围。近年来,化学诱变与生物技术结合在植物抗逆诱变育种方面展现出了积极的发展前景,对于植物新品种选育具有重要的实践意义。本研究综述了化学诱变的特点、常用化学诱变剂[主要是甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)和叠氮化钠(NaN3)]的诱变机制、使用方法、诱变效果以及影响化学诱变的因素等,并介绍了化学诱变在植物抗逆育种领域中的新近研究进展。

Chemical mutagenesis is a traditional breeding technique in improving plant resistance to cold,drought,salt,alkali and etc.,which is favored by breeders.Plant tissue culture technology is an effective way to achieve rapid reproduction of cell or plantlet.Combing these two technologies,the mutation frequency can be improved greatly and the range of plant genetic variation would be expanded.In recent years,the combination of chemical mutagenesis and biotechnology has shown a positive prospect in the resistance breeding,and has important practical significance for breeding new crop varieties.This paper mainly reviews the characteristics of chemical mutagenesis,the mutagenesis mechanism and application methods of chemical agents[mainly ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)and sodium azide(NaN3)],mutagenesis efficiency and its influencing factors.And the applications of chemical mutagenesis in plant stress resistance breeding are also introduced.