汉麻花和叶挥发性成分分析

Volatile Components in Flowers and Leaves of China-Hemp

为明确汉麻不同花和叶的挥发性成分,以品种brosom为材料,利用顶空-气相色谱/质谱联用技术对其雌花、雄花、雌株老嫩叶、雄株老嫩叶的挥发性成分进行测定。结果表明,相对含量在0.05%以上的挥发性成分中,雌花检测到36种、雄花23种、雌株老叶32种、雌株嫩叶35种、雄株老叶26种、雄株嫩叶30种;萜烯类是花、叶的主要挥发性成分,其中单萜类是雌/雄花的优势成分,雌花主要成分为β-蒎烯和D-柠檬烯,雄花为α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和D-柠檬烯;倍半萜类是雌株老/嫩叶优势成分,单萜类是雄株老/嫩叶优势成分;雌株老叶主要成分为β-蒎烯、D-柠檬烯、石竹烯和叶醇,雌株嫩叶为D-柠檬烯、石竹烯和β-金合欢烯,雄株老叶为α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、石竹烯和叶醇,雄株嫩叶为α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯。挥发性成分相似率分析结果显示,雌花和雄花相似率较高,雌株老/嫩叶及雄株老/嫩叶相似率极高,而不同性别的花、叶间相似率较低。雄株老嫩叶α-蒎烯含量(>44.84%)显著高于雌株老嫩叶(<2.65%),雌株老嫩叶的β-金合欢烯含量(>9.18%)显著高于雄株老嫩叶(<0.33%),故α-蒎烯和β-金合欢烯可作为区分brosom雌/雄株的挥发性成分标识物。α-蒎烯、石竹烯、β-罗勒烯在雌/雄花中的差异表现丰富了汉麻雌/雄花在挥发性成分方面的基础知识。本研究结果为汉麻育种及其综合开发利用提供了理论基础。

In order to identify the volatile components in different China-Hemp brosom flowers and leaves,the contents of volatile components in flowers and leaves of female flowers,male flowers,female old leaves,male old leaves,female young leaves and male young leaves were measured by HS-GC-MS(head space-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry)technology.The results showed that a total of 36,23,32,35,26 and 30 volatile components with relative content of more than 0.05%were detected in female flowers,male flowers,female old leaves,male old leaves,female young leaves and male young leaves,respectively.Terpenes were the main components in flowers and leaves,the monoterpenes were the dominant component in female and male flowers,the main components wereα-Pinene,β-Pinene,D-Limonene and etc in male flowers andβ-Pinene,D-Limonene and etc in female flowers.The sesquiterpenoids were the dominant component in female old leaves and female young leaves,the monoterpenes were the dominant component in male old leaves and male young leaves,the main components wereβ-Pinene,D-Limonene,caryophyllene,leafalcohol and etc in female old leaves.D-Limonene,caryophyllene,β-farnesene and etc in female young leaves,α-Pinene,β-Pinene,caryophyllene,leafalcohol and etc in male old leaves;theα-Pinene,β-Pinene and etc in male young leaves.The similarity rate analysis of volatile components showed that,female and male flowers had a higher similarity rate,old/young leaves in female and male had a very higher similarity rate,the similarity rate between flowers and leaves of different genders was lower.α-Pinene(>44.84%)in male old/young leaves was significantly higher than that in female old/young leaves(<2.65%).β-Farnesene(>9.18%)in female old/young leaves was significantly higher than that in male old/young leaves(<0.33%).Therefore,α-Pinene andβ-Farnesene can be used as volatile components to distinguish male and female China-Hemp brosom.The differential expression ofα-Pinene,caryophyllene andβ-Ocimene in female and male flowers enriched the basic knowledge on volatile components in female and male flowers of China-Hemp.The results provided a theoretical basis for the breeding,comprehensive development and utilization of China-Hemp.