蚯蚓粪对日光温室袋培甜瓜生长及营养吸收的影响

Effect of Earthworm Manure on the Growth and Nutrient Absorption of Bag-Cultivated Oriental Melon in Solar Greenhouse

为探明蚯蚓粪对日光温室基质袋培甜瓜生长及营养吸收的影响,本试验以薄皮甜瓜(Cucumis melo var.makuwa Makino)玉美人为试材,采用日光温室基质袋栽培方式,将蚯蚓(Pheretima)粪按不同比例与草炭和蛭石复配成8种栽培基质,通过对甜瓜生长指标、光合指标、植株营养含量、果实产量及品质的分析,筛选出甜瓜基质袋栽培适宜的蚯蚓粪有机肥配施比例。结果表明,在草炭蛭石复配基质中配施蚯蚓粪均可促进甜瓜的生长及营养吸收,以T5处理(蚯蚓粪∶草炭∶蛭石=4∶1∶5)促进效果最显著。T5处理植株株高、茎粗、根系活力、生物量和光合参数均优于其他处理。甜瓜生长期内,T5处理植株氮、磷、钾含量均较T1处理(蚯蚓粪∶草炭∶蛭石=0∶1∶1)显著提高,其中根中氮、磷和钾含量分别在定植后42、56和28 d差异最大,分别较T1处理显著增加63.9%、77.9%和74.4%;茎中氮、磷和钾含量分别在定植后56、28和14 d差异最大,分别较T1处理显著增加65.5%、81.8%和44.4%;叶中氮和钾含量在定植后42 d差异最大,分别较T1处理显著增加67.3%和29.9%,磷含量在定植后56 d差异最大,较T1处理显著增加70.3%。适宜蚯蚓粪配施量显著提高了甜瓜产量和品质。综上,蚯蚓粪有机肥在日光温室袋培甜瓜生产中适宜的应用比例为蚯蚓粪∶草炭∶蛭石=4∶1∶5。本研究结果为蚯蚓粪有机肥应用于设施甜瓜生产提供了理论依据。

This study used an oriental melon Yumeiren(Cucumis melo var.makuwa Makino)as an experimental material to investigate the effect of earthworm manure on the growth and nutrient absorption of bag-cultivated oriental melon in solar greenhouse.Earthworm(Pheretima)manure was mixed with peat and vermiculite at different proportions to form eight cultivation substrates.The suitable proportion of organic earthworm manure was selected by oriental melon growth indicators,including photosynthetic indicators,plant nutrient content,fruit yield and quality.Results showed that application of earthworm manure in a peat vermiculite composite matrix promoted the growth and nutrient absorption of oriental melon,with T5 treatment(earthworm manure∶peat∶vermiculite=4∶1∶5)affected the most.Under T5 treatment,the values of plant height,stem diameter,root activity,biomass and photosynthetic parameters of oriental melon were dramatically higher than that of other treatment groups.Furthermore,during the growth period of melon,the nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium contents of plants treated with T5 were significantly increased compared to those treated with T1(earthworm manure∶peat∶vermiculite=0∶1∶1).Compared with T1 treatment,the values of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents in the roots by T5 treatment showed the greatest differences at 42,56 and 28 days after planting,with a significant increase of 63.9%,77.9%and 74.4%,respectively.The nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium contents in the stem showed the greatest differences at 56,28 and 14 days after planting,with significant increases of 65.5%,81.8%and 44.4%,respectively.The nitrogen and potassium content in leaves showed the greatest difference on 42 days after planting,with a significant increase of 67.3%and 29.9%,respectively.And finally,the phosphorus content showed the greatest difference on 56 days after planting,with a significant increase of 70.3%compared to T1 treatment.Thus,the yield and quality of oriental melon were greatly improved by the appropriate amount of vermicompost.In conclusion,suitable ratio of earthworm manure in the production of muskmelon in solar greenhouse was found at earthworm manure:peat:vermiculite=4∶1∶5.This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of earthworm manure organic fertilizer in facility melon production.