关帝山不同海拔和季节对沙棘黄酮含量的影响

Effects of Different Altitudes and Seasons on Flavonoids Content of Sea Buckthorn in Guandi Mountain

为探究海拔和季节对沙棘黄酮类化合物含量的影响,本研究以山西吕梁山中部关帝山区不同海拔高度的野生中国沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.subsp.sinensis Rousi)为研究对象,比较了叶片、一年生枝、果实总黄酮含量及主要组分在季节和海拔高度(1150~2100 m)上的变化,同时检测了沙棘树木生长情况、光合作用、叶形态、不同部位的非结构性碳(NSC)含量,并分析了黄酮类化合物含量与生长和生理指标的关系。结果表明,叶片、枝条、果实的总黄酮含量均随海拔的升高呈先升高后降低趋势,均在中海拔(1650 m)处达到最大值,叶片总黄酮含量在9月最高,为17.32 mg·g^(-1),果实总黄酮含量最高达10.31mg·g^(-1),一年生枝中总黄酮含量在7月最高,为4.90 mg·g^(-1)。总黄酮含量总体上表现为叶片>果实>一年生枝。1650 m海拔高度植株综合生长状况最好,沙棘叶片NSC含量也高于其他海拔。果实总黄酮含量与果实可溶性糖、果实NSC、叶片可溶性糖、叶片NSC含量呈极显著正相关,叶片总黄酮含量与果实可溶性糖和果实NSC含量呈显著正相关。上述结果表明,中海拔(1650 m)沙棘叶、果黄酮含量较高,生长季后期沙棘的叶黄酮积累较多,沙棘体内总黄酮含量除受环境条件影响外,还与植物生长状况和碳代谢密切相关。本研究结果为全面了解沙棘黄酮类化合物的积累和分布规律及其对海拔的响应提供了参考。

In order to explore effects of altitude and season on flavonoid content of sea buckthorn,wild Chinese sea buckthorn(Hippophae rhamnoides L.subsp.sinensis Rousi)growing at different altitudes in the Guandi Mountain area of the central Lüliang Mountains in Shanxi Province was selected as the research material.The contents of total flavonoid and its main composition in leaves,annual branches and berries were compared at different growing seasons and altitudes(1150-2100 m).The growth,photosynthesis,leaf morphology and nonstructural carbohydrates(NSC)contents in different parts of sea buckthorn trees were measured,and the relationship between flavonoid content and growth and physiological indexes was also analyzed.All the total flavonoid contents in leaves,branches and berries showed a firstly increased and then decreased trend along with the altitude,and peaking at the middle altitude(1650 m).The highest total flavonoid content was 17.32 mg·g^(-1)in leaves and 10.31 mg·g^(-1)in fruits in September,and the highest value for annual branches was 4.90 mg·g^(-1)in July.Overall,the total flavonoid content in leaves>berries>annual branches.The comprehensive plant growth was the best at 1650 m,at which the leaf NSC content was higher than that at other altitudes.The total flavonoid content in berries was very significantly and positively correlated with berry soluble sugar,berry NSC,leaf soluble sugar and leaf NSC,while the total flavonoid content in leaves was significantly and positively correlated with berry soluble sugar and berry NSC.The results suggested that flavonoid contents in the leaves and berries of sea buckthorn at middle altitude(1650 m)were higher,and more flavonoids accumulated in the leaves at the late growing season.The total flavonoid content in sea buckthorn was not only affected by environmental conditions,but also closely related to plant growth and carbon metabolism.The results provide a reference for understanding the accumulation and distribution of flavonoids and their response to altitude in sea buckthorn.