适时一次灌溉对8个冬小麦品种产量和生理特性的影响

Effect of Timely One-Off Irrigation on Yield and Physiological Characteristics of Eight Winter Wheat Varieties

为了探讨适时一次灌溉的灌溉效果和增产机制,以黄淮海麦区主推的8个小麦品种为材料,在大田和池栽条件下,设置适时一次灌溉和无灌溉(自然降雨)2种处理,测定抽穗期、灌浆前期、灌浆中期、灌浆后期旗叶生理指标和成熟期籽粒产量,研究适时一次灌溉对冬小麦产量和旗叶生理特性的影响。结果表明,适时一次灌溉改善了4个生育时期的旗叶生理特性。大田、池栽条件下适时一次灌溉处理旗叶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性分别较无灌溉处理增加23.63%~39.07%、27.82%~54.53%,过氧化物酶(POD)活性增加16.39%~53.76%、16.93%~38.62%,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性增加33.74%~51.59%、26.13%~45.06%,可溶性糖含量增加27.73%~46.34%、24.75%~37.31%,脯氨酸含量增加26.29%~37.84%、21.41%~41.33%,可溶性蛋白含量增加16.56%~42.06%、14.85%~31.69%,净光合速率增加11.51%~47.25%、24.36%~43.33%,丙二醛(MDA)含量下降12.32%~18.64%、14.85%~22.79%,小麦籽粒产量平均增加17.95%和29.27%。适时一次灌溉条件下,不同品种间比较,以周麦32和周麦36较无灌溉增产幅度较大,分别为31.50%和28.23%,可作为丰产抗旱性品种在有限灌溉旱作区进行推广。本研究结果为冬小麦适时一次灌溉研究及品种优化布局提供了参考。

To explore the irrigation effect and yield-increasing mechanism of timely one-off irrigation,eight winter wheat varieties mainly promoted in Huang-Huai-Hai wheat area were used as materials.Under field condition and pond-planting,two treatments,namely timely one-off irrigation treatment(TI)and no irrigation treatment(natural rainfall,NI)were set up to measure physiological indexes of flag leaf at heading stage,early filling stage,middle filling stage and late filling stage and yield at maturity stage,and the effect of timely one-off irrigation on yield and flag leaf physiological characteristics of winter wheat were studied.The results showed that timely one-off irrigation improved the physiological characteristics of flag leaves at the four growth stages.Compared with NI,under field condition and pond-planting superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity increased by 23.63%-39.07%and 27.82%-54.53%,peroxidase(POD)activity increased by 16.39%-53.76%and 16.93%-38.62%,catalase(CAT)activity increased by 33.74%-51.59%and 26.13%-45.06%,soluble sugar content increased by 27.73%-46.34%and 24.75%-37.31%,proline content increased by 26.29%-37.84%and 21.41%-41.33%,soluble protein content increased by 16.56%-42.06%,14.85%-31.69%,net photosynthetic rate increased by 11.51%-47.25%and 24.36%-43.33%,while malondialdehyde(MDA)content decreased by 12.32%-18.64%and 14.85%-22.79%,while grain yield increased by 17.95%and 29.27%on average respectively.Under TI condition,compared with different varieties,the grain yield of Zhoumai 32 and Zhoumai 36 increased by 31.50%and 28.23%,respectively,which could be recommended as high yield and drought resistance varieties in limited irrigation dry farming area.The results of this study provided a reference for the study of timely one-off irrigation of winter wheat and the optimal layout of varieties.