球形钛合金粉末制备技术及航空增材制造应用研究进展

Research progress in preparation technology of spherical titanium alloy powder and additive manufacturing application of aviation components

钛合金具有高强轻质耐高温的特点,因而成为拥有巨大前景的航空结构材料。传统的机械制造工艺难度大、成本高,限制了钛合金的应用。增材制造(AM)作为新兴的先进制造技术,可以通过逐层加工的方式制造出具有较高三维精度的金属部件,从而实现钛合金的近净形加工。因此,首先介绍了球形钛合金粉末制备技术,其中包括等离子旋转电极雾化法(PREP)、电极感应气体雾化法(EIGA)、等离子体雾化(PA)和等离子球化技术(PS)等,对比4种球形钛合金粉末的制备技术和优缺点,以及在航空增材制造的应用,包括激光选区熔化(SLM)、电子束选区熔化(EBSM)和激光熔化沉积(LMD)等,总结了不同钛合金粉末制备技术在航空增材制造的应用特点和发展趋势,并指出钛合金增材制造未来发展的关键是低间隙钛粉的制备,增材制造设备高精度、高效率和大型化将是未来的发展趋势。

Titanium alloy has the characteristics of high strength,lightweight,and high temperature resistance,making it a promising aerospace structural material.The traditional mechanical manufacturing process is difficult and costly,which limits the application of titanium alloys.Additive Manufacturing(AM),as an emerging advanced manufacturing technology,can produce metal components with high three-dimensional accuracy through layer by layer machining,providing near net shape machining for titanium alloys.This article first introduces the prepara-tion technology of spherical titanium alloy powder,including Plasma Rotating Electrode Atomization Process(PREP),Electrode Induction Gas Atomization(EIGA),Plasma Atomization(PA),and Plasma Spheroidization(PS).The preparation technology and advantages and disadvantages of four spherical titanium alloy powders are compared,as well as their applications in aviation additive manufacturing,including Laser Selective Melting(SLM).The application characteristics and development trends of different titanium alloy powder preparation tech-nologies in aviation additive manufacturing are summarized,such as Electron Beam Selective Melting(EBSM)and Laser Melting Deposition(LMD).It is pointed out that the key to the future development of spherical titanium alloy additive manufacturing is the preparation of low gap titanium powder.High precision,high efficiency and large scale of additive manufacturing equipment will be the future development trend.