铜基粉末冶金摩擦片的研究现状与展望

The status and development of copper-based friction plates

重载及特种车辆传动装置一般采用基于铜基粉末冶金材料的换挡摩擦片,随着传动装置向高转速、大扭矩、重载等方向发展,传统摩擦片性能不足的问题逐渐暴漏出来,如摩擦层脱落、芯板断裂等重大问题。针对铜基摩擦片日益凸显的重大问题,分析了摩擦片的发展过程及铜基摩擦片的应用现状,介绍了铜基摩擦片的构成形式与材料成分,阐述了摩擦片常见的失效形式与使用要求。进一步,从成分设计、制造过程、结构设计及后处理强化等方面提出针对性策略,指出铜基摩擦片多工艺耦合优化及开发新型环保复合材料摩擦片将会是摩擦片发展的重要方向。

Heavy-duty and special vehicle transmissions generally use friction plates based on copper-based pow-der metallurgical materials.With the development of the transmission to high speed,high torque,heavy load,etc.,the problems of inadequate performance of traditional friction plates are gradually leaking out,such as friction lay-er peeling,core plate fracture.Aiming at the problems that are becoming increasingly evident in copper-based fric-tion plates,the development process of friction discs and the current application status of copper-based friction discs are analyzed,their composition and material composition are introduced,and the common failure forms and requirements of friction discs are explained.Further,the targeted strategies are proposed in terms of composition design,manufacturing process,structural design,post-treatment strengthening,and so on.It is pointed out that the optimization of multi-process coupling and the resrarch of new environmentally friendly composite friction plates will be an important direction for the development of friction plates.