单侧与双侧先天性中耳畸形病例特点对比分析

Comparation of Clinical Characteristics between Unilateral and Bilateral Congenital Middle Ear Malformation

目的对比分析单侧与双侧中耳畸形的病例特点,为临床诊断和手术决策提供经验和依据。方法回顾性分析2015年2月—2021年6月就诊于北京友谊医院的81例(125耳)中耳畸形病例,对单侧和双侧中耳畸形在起病年龄、伴随畸形、临床分型、听力下降程度等方面的特点进行对比分析。结果双侧中耳畸形患者发现耳聋的年龄更早,合并面神经畸形和内耳畸形比例更高。临床分型单侧中耳畸形更倾向为Ⅰ型,而双侧中耳畸形更倾向为Ⅱ、Ⅲ型。各临床分型病例在各频率听阈的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论单侧和双侧中耳畸形各有不同特点,术前仔细分析病史和临床表现有助于做出正确的临床诊断和手术决策。

Objective To compare the clinical characteristics of unilateral and bilateral congenital middle ear malformation,to provide a knowledge and evidence basis for improving clinical diagnosis and surgical decision.Methods The clinical characteristics including age of onset,symptoms,clinical classification and hearing in 81 patients(125 ears)were retrospectively analyzed.Results The onset age of bilateral middle ear malformation was younger than unilateral middle ear malformation.Most of the unilateral malformation cases were classified as typeⅠ,while most of the bilateral malformation cases were classified as typeⅡorⅢ.There were statistical differences in hearing thresholds among different malformation types at all the tested frequencies.Conclusion Unilateral and bilateral middle ear malformation have distinct clinical characteristics.Careful evaluation of medical history and clinical manifestations will contribute to appropriate clinical diagnoses and surgical decisions.