2019—2021年皖南地区地方品种鸡源沙门菌的血清型鉴定、毒力基因和耐药性检测

Serotype Identification,Virulence Gene and Drug Resistance Detection of Salmonella in Local Chicken Breeds in Southern Anhui from 2019 to 2021

为了分析皖南地区地方品种鸡(淮南麻黄鸡、淮北麻鸡、霍邱鸡和五华鸡)来源沙门菌的分布、毒力基因和耐药性情况,本试验于2019—2021年采集该地区地方品种鸡养殖场疑似沙门菌感染病死鸡的肝脏组织、肛拭子和死胚等病料组织456份,采用细菌分离培养、形态学观察、生化试验和特异性invA基因的PCR检测进行沙门菌鉴定,采用Kauffmann-White法、PCR法和K-B纸片法分别检测分离菌株的血清型、毒力基因、耐药基因和耐药性。结果显示,共分离得到127株沙门菌,分属于13种血清型,其中以鸡白痢沙门菌、禽伤寒沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌为流行的优势血清型,分别占分离菌株的26.0%、20.5%和17.3%;127株沙门菌中携带的4种毒力基因(spvA、spvB、spvC和spvR)检出率介于7.1%~74.8%,携带的4种毒力岛基因(SPI-1 SPI-2、SPI-3和SPI-5)检出率介于38.6%~81.1%;127株沙门菌对阿莫西林、氨苄西林和磺胺二甲氧嘧啶等8种药物的耐药率介于56.7%~99.2%,以耐10(12.6%)、9(15.0%)和8(20.5%)种药物为主,耐药基因sul 1、sul 2、sul 3、tet(A)、tet(M)和tet(R)检出率介于32.3%~89.8%;经分析,地方品种鸡流行优势血清型与毒力基因和耐药基因均有一定的相关性。结果表明,从安徽省皖南地区4种地方品种鸡中分离的沙门菌具有多种血清型、携带多种毒力基因、耐药性严重,且携带多种耐药基因。

To analyze the distribution,virulence genes,and drug resistance of Salmonella in local chicken breeds(Huainan Ma Huang chicken,Huaibei Ma chicken,Huoqiu chicken,and Wuhua chicken)in Southern Anhui,456 samples of liver tissues,cloacal swabs,and dead embryos from suspected Salmonella-infected and deceased chickens were collected from local chicken farms in the region from 2019 to 2021.Salmonella identification was conducted using bacterial isolation and culture,morphological observation,biochemical tests,and PCR detection of the specific invA gene.The Kauffmann-White method,PCR,and K-B paper method were employed to determine the serotypes,virulence genes,drug resistance genes,and drug resistance of the isolated strains.The results showed that a total of 127 Salmonella strains were isolated,belonging to 13 serotypes.The predominant serotypes were Salmonella pullorum,avian Salmonella typhi and Salmonella enteritis,accounting for 26.0%,20.5%,and 17.3%of the isolated strains,respectively.Among the 127 Salmonella strains,the detection rates of four virulence genes(spvA,spvB,spvC,and spvR)ranged from 7.1%to 74.8%,and the detection rates of four virulence island genes(SPI-1,SPI-2,SPI-3,and SPI-5)ranged from 38.6%to 81.1%.The resistance rates of the 127 Salmonella strains to eight drugs,including amoxicillin,ampicillin,and sulfamethoxazole,ranged from 56.7%to 99.2%.The main pattern of resistance was resistance to 10(12.6%),9(15.0%),and 8(20.5%)drugs.The detection rates of drug resistance genes sul 1,sul 2,sul 3,tet(A),tet(M),and tet(R)ranged from 32.3%to 89.8%.The analysis indicated a certain correlation between prevalent serotypes,virulence genes,and drug resistance genes in local chicken breeds.The results indicate that Salmonella isolated from four local chicken breeds in Southern Anhui exhibit various serotypes,carry multiple virulence genes,display severe drug resistance,and harbor numerous drug resistance genes.