作为方法的“礼图”及其创新发展

Presenting Ancient and Esoteric Rituals:Ritual Diagrams as Methods and Its Innovative Development

礼图是礼书所载礼节、礼器、礼制乃至礼义的图像表达,因其具有形象化的特点,遂成为研读礼经的重要参考,在经学传统中占据独特地位。相较于三礼典籍的古奥难读,礼图发挥了提升表现力、补充文意、丰富意涵的功能。礼图是经学文献的一种类型,也是一种研究方法,与礼学注重实践的学术品格适相吻合。千百年来,印刷媒介制约着礼图发展。直至20世纪,电影技术的普及催生出《仪礼》复原影片,才为礼图的创新发展带来转机,礼图从二维平面静态图像解脱出来,复原为三维空间的连续礼仪活动。数字技术的加持,彻底改变了礼图制作的底层逻辑,并致力于营造沉浸式视听景观,强化了对古礼的体验,可谓是彰显礼学实践特征的最新尝试。

As a pictorial representation of etiquette,ritual vessel,ritual system,and morality contained in ritual books,the ritual diagrams have become important reference for studies of Chinese ritual classics because of their visual function.In contrast to abstruse ritual classics,ritual diagrams serve to enhance the expressive force,complement the text,and enrich the meaning.Ritual diagram is a kind of classical texts as well as a research method coinciding with the practical characteristics of ritual studies.For thousands of years,print media had been constrained the development of ritual diagrams.It was not until the 20th century that motion picture technology gave birth to the film restoring The Ceremonial Etiquette,which brought a turning point for innovative development of ritual diagrams.Ritual diagrams were freed from two-dimensional and static image,and were upgraded to three-dimensional ritual activities.Moreover,digital technologies have completely changed the logic of the production of ritual diagrams,which aim at creating immersive audio-visual landscape that enhances the experience of the ancient Chinese rituals.The new media transformation of ritual diagrams is the latest attempt to highlight the practical characteristics of ritual studies.