钱谦益批校《史通》及何焯改署“冯舒”之隐衷

A Research of the Authorship of Qian Qianyi's Notes and Commentary on Shi Tong Being Deliberately Attributed to Feng Shu by He Zhuo

钱谦益批校《史通》以张鼎思刻本为底本,校勘记220余条,评语107条。钱谦益天启年间担任史职,与《史通》研究名家李维桢、王惟俭商榷史法,借鉴《史通》的史法理论以探讨明史编纂之法,是明人治学的新风尚。钱谦益对明初史事修撰的方法,修史的简要原则,对王世贞等人修明史弊端的批驳,以及此时的诗歌自注,均与其批校《史通》评语相吻合。康熙二十六年(1687),钱陆粲向钱曾借阅过录此本,题作《牧斋较本》。钱曾抽出最有价值的四篇补缺文字,导致钱陆粲转而攻讦钱曾侵吞钱谦益的书籍,这是有关“钱氏家难”的新材料。康熙四十八年(1709),何焯从钱曾之子钱沅处借阅,最初署名钱谦益,后改名冯舒,翁同龢认为是躲避政治忌讳所致。何焯时直南书房,兼任八贝勒侍读,卷入太子之争而深陷谤言,何焯为避免授人以师出钱氏、笼络江南士人之口实,故而改动作者署名,钱谦益的学术成果遂冠以冯舒之名而被遮蔽。

Qian Qianyi made notes and commentary on Shi Tong on the master copy of Zhang Dingsi,including over 220 notes in collation and 107 pieces of commentary.Qian served in Historiography Institute in the reign of Tianqi,and studies of Shi Tong were very popular at that time.The opinions in these notes and commentary coincides with Qian Qianyi's other writings on compilation of historical events in early Ming,brief principles on historical compilation,as well as notes of his own poems.In 1687,Qian Lucan borrowed this work of Qian Qianyi from Qian Zeng,which he later made a copy titled The Collated Version of Muzhai.Qian Zeng secretly kept the core part,and thus caused Qian Lucan's attack that Qian Zeng misappropriated Qian Qianyi's collection of books.That is new material for Qian's family calamity.In the year of 1709,He Zhuo borrowed this work from son of Qian Zeng for reading and making extracts.Initially he wrote Qian Qianyi's name on the extracts,but then changed it into Feng Shu.According to Weng Tonghe,He was probably in consideration of political sensitivity,so Qian Qianyi's work was revealed under the name of Feng.