8个地方鸡品种的体尺、屠宰性能及肉品质的比较及综合评价

Comparison and comprehensive evaluation of body size,slaughter performance and meat quality among eight local chicken breeds in Guizhou Province

【目的】通过比较分析贵州省8个地方鸡品种的体尺、屠宰性能及肉品质性状差异,为贵州地方鸡种的保护开发和利用提供基础数据。【方法】采用常规方法对乌蒙乌骨鸡、威宁鸡、普定高脚鸡、兴义矮脚鸡、黔东南小香鸡、赤水乌骨鸡、长顺绿壳蛋鸡和瑶山鸡的体尺指标、屠宰性能和肉品质性状指标进行测定,利用主成分分析法构建肉用性状综合评价模型。【结果】贵州8个地方鸡品种体尺性状、屠宰性能及肉品质指标存在明显差异,但屠宰率均大于86%,全净膛率均大于67%,8个品种均表现出了较佳的产肉性能;成功构建了肉用鸡综合评价模型,评分结果为:威宁鸡>乌蒙乌骨鸡>普定高脚鸡>赤水乌骨鸡>瑶山鸡>兴义矮脚鸡>黔东南小香鸡>长顺绿壳蛋鸡。【结论】8个地方鸡品种均表现出了良好的产肉性,是优质的肉鸡种质资源;综合评价结果显示,威宁鸡和乌蒙乌骨鸡肉用性能比较出色。

【Objective】This study aimed to compare and analyze the differences in body size,slaughter performance,and meat quality traits among eight local chicken breeds in Guizhou province.The goal was to provide fundamental data for the protection,development,and utilization of local chicken breeds.【Method】Body size indexes,slaughter performance,and meat quality traits of eight local chicken breeds,namely Wu⁃meng black-bone chickens,Weining chickens,Puding Gaojiao chickens,Xingyi dwarf chickens,Qiandong⁃nan Xiaoxiang chickens,Chishui black-bone chickens,Changshun green shell laying hens,and Yaoshan chickens,were determined using conventional methods.A comprehensive evaluation model for meat traits was established through principal component analysis.【Result】Significant differences were observed in body size traits,slaughter performance,and meat quality indexes among the eight local chicken breeds in Guizhou Province.However,the slaughter rate exceeded 86%,and the evisceration rate exceeded 67%for all breeds,indicating good meat production performance.The comprehensive evaluation model for broiler chickens was successfully constructed,and the scoring results ranked the breeds as follows:Weining chicken>Wumeng black bone chicken>Puding Gaojiao chicken>Chishui black bone chicken>Yaoshan chicken>Xingyi dwarf chicken>Qiandongnan Xiaoxiang chicken>Changshun green shell layer.【Conclusion】All eight local chicken breeds displayed favorable meat yield and can serve as highquality broiler germplasm resources.The comprehensive evaluation results indicated that Weining chicken and Wumeng black bone chicken exhibited superior meat performance.