生物炭和河沙对盐碱土壤水盐分布和小麦生长的影响

Effect of biochar and river sand on water-salt distribution and wheat growth in saline soils

【目的】探究生物炭与河沙对黄河三角洲地区盐碱土的改良效果。【方法】通过大田试验,分析了盐碱化土壤在生物炭和河沙作用下,土壤水盐的时空运移及冬小麦生长情况和产量。试验设置:CK、S1(136 t/(hm^(2)·a)河沙)、S2(272 t/(hm^(2)·a)河沙)、S3(408 t/(hm^(2)·a)河沙)、C1(5 t/(hm^(2)·a)生物炭)、C2(10 t/(hm^(2)·a)生物炭)、C3(20 t/(hm^(2)·a)生物炭)7个处理。【结果】对于土壤平均含水率,在0~20 cm土层C2处理最高为15.13%,在20~40、40~60 cm土层S3处理最高分别为17.35%、20.53%,生物炭和河沙处理均能影响土壤水分分布,前者主要增加表层土壤含水率,后者则对增加深层土壤含水率效果较好。而对于土壤含盐量,生物炭处理会增加初期的土壤含盐量,但返青期后含盐量会持续降低,土壤平均含盐量在0~20、20~40 cm土层S3处理最低,在40~60 cm土层C2处理最低。从冬小麦生育初期到收获期的含盐量变化来看,0~20、20~40、40~60 cm土层降盐率最高的处理分别为S2(32.34%)、C2(29.86%)、C1(12.38%),其中河沙处理在40~60 cm土层发生积盐。根据冬小麦生长和产量情况,生物炭与河沙均能促进冬小麦生长及增产,其中生物炭对促进冬小麦初期的生长有更好的效果,各处理中C2处理冬小麦产量最高,为5815.4 kg/hm^(2),比CK增产20.46%,S3处理产量为5795.1 kg/hm^(2),均显著高于CK。【结论】综上所述,对于盐碱土的改良效果,生物炭C2处理效果最好,河沙S3处理效果次之,可因地制宜选择合适的改良方法。

【Objective】This study was to investigate the impact of biochar and river sand on the enhancement of saline soils in the Yellow River Delta region.【Method】A field experiment was conducted to analyze the spatial and temporal transport of soil water and salt,as well as the growth and yield of winter wheat in saline soils under the influence of biochar and river sand.The experiment consisted of seven treatments:CK(control),S1(136 t/(hm^(2)·a)of river sand),S2(272 t/(hm^(2)·a)of river sand),S3(408 t/(hm^(2)·a)of river sand),C1(5 t/(hm^(2)·a)of biochar),C2(10 t/(hm^(2)·a)of biochar)and C3(20 t/(hm^(2)·a)of biochar).【Result】Our results showed that treatment C2 exhibited an average soil moisture content of 15.13%in the 0~20 cm soil layer,while treatment S3 displayed values of 17.35%and 20.53%in the 20~40 and 40~60 cm soil layers,respectively.Both biochar and river sand treatments can affect the distribution of soil moisture.Biochar primarily increased the water content in the surface soil,while river sand was more effective in increasing water content in the deeper soil layers.Concerning soil salinity,the application of biochar initially increased soil salinity,but it subsequently decreased after the revitalization stage.The average soil salinity was lowest in treatments S3 within the 0~20 and 20~40 cm soil layers,and lowest in treatment C2 within the 40~60 cm soil layer.Analyzing the change in salinity of winter wheat from the early fertility stage to harvest,the treatments with the highest reduction in the 0~20,20~40 and 40~60 cm soil layers were S2(32.34%),C2(29.86%)and C1(12.38%),respectively.However,the river sand treatment resulted in salt accumulation in the 40~60 cm soil layer.The growth and yield of winter wheat indicated that both biochar and river sand promoted its growth and yield,with biochar being more effective in promoting the initial growth.Treatment C2 yielded the highest winter wheat yield at 5815.4 kg/hm^(2),which was 20.46%higher than the control(CK),while treatment S3 yielded 5795.1 kg/hm^(2),both significantly higher than CK.【Conclusion】In conclusion,this study found that C2 treatment was the most effective,followed by S3 treatment,in enhancing saline soils.Therefore,the selection of an appropriate improvement method should be based on local conditions.