生草类型对旱作区苹果园土壤营养及果实品质的影响

Effects of grass types on soil nutrition and fruit quality of apple orchards in dryland area

【目的】确定生草类型对苹果园土壤养分含量和果实品质的影响。【方法】以庆阳地区烟富3号苹果为研究对象,清耕为对照,对果园生白三叶草、早熟禾和自然生草模式下土壤的营养水平和果实品质进行测定。【结果】随着土壤深度的增加,各生草模式下土壤有机质、矿质元素均呈逐渐下降趋势。3种生草模式中,生白三叶草效果最为显著,在0~20 cm土壤中土壤有机质含量为18.58 g/kg,比清耕增加了25.88%;同时,果园生白三叶草果实的果糖、葡萄糖、山梨糖醇、可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白、花青素、单果质量和相对含水量均显著高于CK及其他生草模式,比清耕分别增加了26.69%、48.22%、40.96%、12.16%、42.30%、39.06%、43.72%、6.29%。相关性分析得出,有机质与果糖、葡萄糖、山梨糖醇、单果质量、相对含水量、花青素、可溶性蛋白、可溶性固形物之间呈显著正相关,与果形指数、硬度、单宁和可滴定酸之间呈显著负相关。【结论】果园生白三叶草能够提高土壤有机质含量,改善土壤养分,进而提高果实品质。

【Objective】This study aimed to assess the effects of different grass types on soil nutrient content and fruit quality in an apple orchard.【Method】The experiment measured the soil nutrient levels and fruit quality of white clover,poa pratensis,and natural grass orchards in the Qingyang area.The research focused on the Yanfu 3 variety,with clear tillage mode as the control.【Result】The results demonstrated that soil organic matter and mineral elements gradually decreased with increasing soil depth.Among the three grass types,white clover had the most significant effect.The organic matter content in the 0~20 cm soil layer was 18.58 g/kg,which was 45.61%higher than that in the clear tillage plot.Additionally,the fruit of white clover in the orchard exhibited significantly higher levels of fructose,glucose,sorbitol,soluble solids,soluble protein,anthocyanin,fruit weight,and relative water content compared to the control and other grass modes.These values increased by 26.69%,48.22%,40.96%,12.16%,42.30%,39.06%,43.72%,and 6.29%respectively,compared to clear tillage.Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between organic matter and fructose,glucose,sorbitol,fruit weight,relative water content,anthocyanin,soluble protein,and soluble solids.It also showed significant negative correlations with fruit shape index,firmness,tannin,and titratable acid.【Conclusion】The findings indicated that incorporating clover in orchards can increase soil organic matter content,improve soil nutrients,and enhance fruit quality.