不同植物伴生对辣椒生长和根际土壤养分的影响

Evaluation and analysis of different companion plant’s effects on pepper growth and rhizosphere soil nutrients

【目的】明确伴生栽培对辣椒的作用,为辣椒伴生栽培提供理论依据。【方法】以乐都长辣椒为试验材料,设置小麦伴生辣椒(X)、韭菜伴生辣椒(J)、蒜伴生辣椒(S)、葱伴生辣椒(C)、辣椒单作(CK)5个栽培处理,分析不同伴生条件下辣椒的生长发育、品质产量及土壤养分的变化。【结果】S处理可显著促进辣椒株高、茎粗的生长;与CK相比,所有伴生处理均降低了辣椒植株的干物质积累,其中以S处理降幅最小且根系活力最高。从辣椒果实品质方面看,不同的伴生栽培对辣椒果实品质的影响存在差异,其中X和C伴生处理增加了辣椒果实可溶性糖的含量;所有伴生处理均显著提高了辣椒果实VC的含量;S处理显著提高了辣椒果实可溶性蛋白质的含量。从辣椒产量方面看,J、S、C伴生处理均显著增加了辣椒单株产量。从根际土壤看,S、C伴生处理显著增加了辣椒根际土壤全氮、全磷、速效钾含量,X伴生处理显著增加了辣椒根际土壤碱解氮、速效磷含量,且所有伴生处理均降低了根际土壤pH。通过主成分分析选取了11个较大特征向量指标,对这11个指标进行隶属函数综合分析,综合排名为S>C>X>CK>J。【结论】蒜伴生能较为全面的促进辣椒生长,改善辣椒根际环境。

【Objective】The study aimed to clarify the effect of companion plants on pepper in order to lay a theoretical basis for companion cultivation of pepper.【Method】With‘Ledu Chang Chili’as the test material,the study set up five cultivation treatments,i.e.,four companion cultivations of pepper with wheat(X),chives(J),garlic(S)and green onions(C),respectively,and the peppers alone(CK),measuring the variations in soil nutrient contents and the growth and development,quality,yield of the peppers under different companion treatments.【Result】The garlic companion treatment(S)could significantly promote the height and stem thickness of the pepper plants.Compared with the CK,all companion treatments decreased the dry matter accumulation of pepper plants,and the magnitude of decrease was the lowest for S treatment and the root activity under the treatment was the highest.As for pepper fruit quality,the different companion cultivations had different effects on it,among which the companion treatment with wheat(X)and onion(C)increased the soluble sugar content in pepper fruits.All companion treatments significantly increased the content of VC in pepper fruits.S treatment significantly increased the content of soluble protein in pepper fruits.In terms of pepper yield,the companion treatments with chives,garlic and onion significantly increased the yield per plant of the pepper.With respect to the rhizosphere soil,the companion treatments of garlic and onion significantly increased the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and available potassium in rhizosphere soil of the pepper plants,and the treatments with wheat significantly increased the contents of alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen and available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil of pepper plants,and all companion treatments reduced the pH of rhizosphere soil.Through the Principal Component Analysis,eleven large eigenvector indexes were selected,followed by the comprehensive analysis with the membership function,and their comprehensive ranking was S>C>X>CK>J.【Conclusion】The companion with garlic could overall promote the growth of pepper plants and improve their rhizosphere environment.