城市轨道交通预约进站配额优化研究

Study on Quota Optimization of Reservation Travel in Urban Rail Transits

通勤时段客流激增,城市轨道交通车站过度拥挤,安全风险较大.除站外限流外,采用线上预约、快速进站制度可以使乘客合理规划出行时间,提升系统效能.作为1种新解决方案,预约进站制度中,预约时段选择以及预约配额设置仍缺乏科学合理的依据.为此,本研究基于智能卡数据分析通勤高峰时期乘客出行特征,确定预约时段;通过实地调研获取进站时间特征,利用排队论以最小化非预约乘客站外排队时间为目标的预约配额优化模型.以北京地铁沙河站为例,分别采用数值算法以及仿真模型实现并验证了提出模型的适用性,为城市轨道交通预约进站制度的推广应用提供科学的理论指导.

During the commuting period,the passenger flow surges,and the urban rail transit stations are overcrowded,which poses a greater safety risk.In addition to traffic restrictions outside the station,the adoption of online reservations and rapid entry systems can enable passengers to plan travel time reasonably and improve system efficiency.As a new solution,in the reservation pit stop system,the selection of reservation time period and the setting of reservation quota still lack scientific and reasonable basis.To this end,this study analyzes the travel characteristics of passengers during the commuting peak period based on smart card data,and determines the reservation time period;obtains the characteristics of the arrival time through field research,and through field research,the characteristics of arrival time are obtained,and the reservation quota optimization model is used to minimize the queuing time of non-reservation passengers outside the station by using queuing theory.Taking Beijing Subway Shahe Station as an example,numerical algorithm and simulation model are used to realize and verify the applicability of the proposed model,which provides scientific theoretical guidance for the popularization and application of urban rail transit reservation system.