基于指数分析的农户离散差异化研究——以宝鸡为例

Differentiation of separation among rural residents based on index analysis:A case study of Baoji

农户离散是农村“空心化”“空巢化”“空废化”和“空壳化”等为典型的“农村病”的根源,对共同富裕带来极大不利影响。文中在总结相关理论的基础上,指出了影响农户分离有5类因素。通过对宝鸡市临邮、凤翔、扶风三县的实地调查,获得了27个乡镇、46个村981户农村家庭包括拉力指标、推力指标、离散指标和个性指标在内的问卷调查资料和访谈材料。基于农户家庭离散指数模型和相关分析方法,分析了农村家庭分离的差异、农村阶层的变化以及返乡障碍。结果表明:农村分离是一个多尺度复合、多因素驱动、多主体差异化的响应过程,农村居民的分离将导致农村社会的异化,加剧农村两极分化,并形成一种不断强化的正反馈过程。文中讨论提出了离散的类反渗透机制,指出要有效解决农村分离问题,必须从从动因、意向、障碍和行动能力多方面切入。

The separation of peasants is the root cause that forms"four empty"such as"hollowing out","empty nest","empty and waste"and"empty shell"in rural areas,which has a great negative impact on common prosperity.In this paper,on the basis of summarizing relevant theories,five types of factors that affect the separation of farmers are pointed out.Based on field investigation in three counties in BaoJi,namely,Linyou,Fengxiang,and Fufeng,we obtained questionnaire data of 981 rural families and interview materials from 27 towns and 46 villages,including pull indicators,push indicators,separate indicators,and personality indicators.By using the data,numerical model was established and the separation indexes were calculated.Based on the correlations between the indexes and four types of indicators,and supplemented by interview materials,the differences in separation among rural families,the change of stratum in rural and obstacles to return to hometown have been analyzed.The results indicate that the separation is a multi-scale composite,multi factor driven,and multi subject differentiated response process.The separation of rural residents will lead to the alienation of rural society,exacerbate rural polarization,and form a continuously strengthening positive feedback process.Finally,a reverse osmosis-like mechanism of separation was discussed,and a suggestion was pointed out that in order to effectively solve the issue of rural resident's separation,it is necessary to grasp the intention,motivation,action ability,and obstacles in the separation process.