环境史视域下乌梁素海对近代河套地区社会发展的影响

Impact of lake Wuliangsuhai on the development of Hetao Area from the perspective of environmental history

乌梁素海的形成与变迁,对近代河套地区的社会经济发展有重要影响。基于人与自然互动的环境史视角,依托多元历史文献,分析近代乌梁素海与其周边民众在农业开垦、水利建设、渔业开发及革命斗争四个方面的互动过程。结果表明:1)乌梁素海在近代的形成与动态变化,不仅具有重要的地理与生态意义,而且在一定程度上影响了河套地区社会经济的发展与走向,具有较大的历史作用。2)各族民众因地制宜地应对、利用与改造,不仅使乌梁素海在近代河套农业垦殖、水利建设、渔业开发及革命斗争等方面发挥积极作用,而且也在相当程度上使其盈缩变迁不再是纯自然状态,而是融有了社会因素。3)当前乌梁素海的环境治理与生态文明建设,不仅依赖自然科学的技术支撑,而且也需要进一步加强对其生态环境史的研究,总结相关历史经验教训。

The formation and changes of lake Wuliangsuhai have had a significant impact on the social and economic development of the modern Hetao region.Based on the perspective of environmental history from the interaction between humans and nature,and relying on multiple historical documents,this paper analyzes the interaction process between modern lake Wuliangsuhai and people living round the lake in four aspects:agricultural reclamation,water conservancy construction,fishery development,and revolutionary struggle.The results show that:1)The formation and dynamic changes of lake Wuliangsuhai in modern times not only had important geographical and ecological significance,but also influenced the development and direction of the social economy in the Hetao region to a certain extent.So,it has a significant historical significance.2)The people of all ethnic groups responded,utilized,and changed the lake according to local conditions,which not only enabled the lake to play a positive role in modern agricultural cultivation,water conservancy construction,fishery development,and revolutionary struggle in Hetao,but also to a considerable extent,made its changes no longer purely natural,but also integrated social factors.3)The current environmental governance and ecological civilization construction of lake Wuliangsuhai not only rely on the technical support of natural sciences,but also need to further strengthen the study of its ecological environment history and summarize relevant historical experiences and lessons.