河南平顶山方言程度副词“恁”研究

A Study on Degree Adverb"Nen"in Henan Pingdingshan Dialect

平顶山方言的程度副词范畴具有特殊性,“恁”经常出现在口语表达中。该文认为,平顶山方言中的“恁[n■n^(41)]”为程度副词,并尝试从语法、语用和量级程度3个方面来探讨“恁”的用法及特点。研究发现:从语法功能来看,程度副词“恁”主要用来修饰具有隐喻性或感情色彩浓厚的名词,修饰部分表示心理活动的动词、能愿动词,或者修饰短语等;从语用角度来看,“恁”受其搭配成分感情色彩的影响,主要表示肯定、劝阻、疑问的感情色彩,“恁”一般通过重音、倒装,个别情况下通过重叠形式“恁X恁X/Y”来凸显焦点;从量级程度来看,“恁”属于绝对高量级程度副词,并且平顶山方言中的程度副词“恁”“镇”的语法功能基本相同,常替换使用。该文旨在丰富平顶山地方方言的研究,具有一定的现实意义。

The category of degree adverbs in Pingdingshan dialect has its particularity,and"nen"often appears in oral expression.This paper holds that"nen"in Pingdingshan dialect is an adverb of degree,and attempts to discuss the usage and characteristics of"nen"from three aspects:grammar,pragmatics and magnitude.The results show that:from the perspective of grammatical function,the adverb of degree"nen"can mainly be used to modify metaphorical or emotive nouns,verbs that express mental activities,verbs that express willingness,or phrases.From the pragmatic point of view,"nen"is affected by the emotional colors of its collocation components,mainly expressing affirmation,dissuasion,doubt and other emotional colors,"nen"generally through stress,inversion,and in some cases,the use of overlapping form"nen X nen X/Y"to highlight the focus.From the point of view of Degree Semantics,"nen"belongs to the adverb of degree of absolute high order,and the adverb of degree"nen"and"zhen"in Pingdingshan dialect have basically the same grammatical function,and are often used instead.This paper aims to enrich the research of Pingdingshan local dialect,which has certain practical significance.