神话之为艺术——大、小昭寺释迦牟尼等身像的文献与艺术探究

Myth as Art--Research on the Literature Source and Artistic Development of Shakyamuni Figurine in Dajia and Xiaokhang Temple

阅读藏族历史、藏族美术史类文献,很难绕开有关松赞干布与文成公主、尺尊公主故事的记载。文献在介绍成亲故事的同时,常常会叙述拉萨的大昭寺与小昭寺分别供奉着两位公主带来的释迦牟尼12岁、8岁等身像。但在不同类型文献的表述中,关于这两座等身像的说法多有差异,来源、流转、名称的不同说法造成众多文献引用不严谨乃至出现错误。该文对比当下常见的各类文献说法,溯源藏族历史文献记载,最终锚定目前已知最早文献对大、小昭寺的释迦牟尼等身像的说法源头,再结合藏族艺术发展过程中本土艺术对外来艺术借鉴的特点,在松赞干布与两公主故事背景下,提出大、小昭寺两尊佛像可能是藏地早期作品,同时提出作为文献引用更准确的说法。

Reading Tibetan history,Tibetan art history literature,it is difficult to avoid Songtsen Gampo and Princess Wencheng,Princess Chuzun story records.While introducing the marriage story,the literature often describes that the Jokhang Temple and the Jokhang Temple in Lhasa respectively worship the 12-year-old and 8-year-old statues of Shakyamuni brought by the two princesses.However,there are many differences in the statements of these two isoforms in different types of literature,and the different statements of sources,circulation and names cause many literatures to cite imrigorously and even make mistakes.By comparing various literatures commonly used at present,tracing the sources of Tibetan historical documents,and finally anchorting the sources of the earliest known literatures on the Shakyamuni statues in Dajia and Xiaokhang Temple,combined with the characteristics of local art learning from foreign art in the development of Tibetan art,in the context of the story of Songtsen Gampo and the Second Princess,it is proposed that the two Buddha statues in Dajia and Xiaokhang Temple may be early works in Tibet.At the same time,a more accurate statement is put forward as a reference.