师幼互动中的幼儿回应行为分析与教育建议——以集体教学活动为例

Teaching Suggestions and Analysis of Children's Response Behavior in Teacher-child Interaction——Taking Collective Teaching as an Example

幼儿园集体教学中的幼儿回应行为实质是幼儿学习行为,分析幼儿回应行为是了解幼儿学习行为价值取向和偏好以及改进教师教学行为的先决条件。研究选取大班共41名幼儿为研究对象,以10例集体教学活动为实验过程,对幼儿回应行为发生环节、回应主体、回应方式和回应结果进行观察。发现幼儿回应行为主要发生在基本环节,鲜有在导入环节和结束环节发生;回应主体以集体为主,小组最少,个体回应机会不均且男幼儿回应频率远高于女幼儿;回应方式以言语回应为主,复合型回应次之,身体回应频率最少;回应结果受回应主体和回应方式的制约,不同回应主体的回应方式与回应结果之间具有显著差异。教师应重视导入环节和结束环节的教育功能,珍视幼儿小组的回应价值并赋予每位幼儿回应权,同时,以基于游戏的学习和具身学习为幼儿的基本学习方式,以主动回应、敢于并乐于回应作为幼儿积极回应的价值取向,以此实现幼儿在集体教学活动中的主体地位。

The essence of children's response behavior in kindergarten collective teaching is the occurrence of children's learning behavior.The analysis of children's response behaviors is the prerequisites of getting to know the value orientation and the preference of the children's learning behaviors,and improving teacher's teaching behaviors.Selecting a total of 41 children from top class as research objects and taking the 10 cases of collective teaching activities as the experimental process,the authors observe the occurrence segment,response subject,response patterns and response results of the children's response behaviors.They find:children's response behavior mainly occurs in the basic step,rarely in the lead-in step and ending step;the response subjects are mainly collective and the group response is the least;the individual responses are different in opportunities and the response frequency of male children is higher than that of the female children;verbal response is the main response,compound response follows,and physical response is the lowest frequency;the response results are influenced by the response subjects and response patterns and there are significant differences between the response patterns and the response results of different response subjects.Teachers should attach importance to the educational functions of the lead-in step and the ending step,value the response of the children group and empower each child to respond.At the same time,teachers should take the game-based learning and embodied learning as the basic learning methods for children,take children's positive response,their courage and willingness to respond as the value orientation so as to achieve children's subject status in the collective teaching activities.