摘要
法官过度依赖医疗损害鉴定进行审判的现象称为“以鉴代审”。实证数据表明,鉴定意见被采信的案例中,鉴定意见的责任类型对应的判决责任比例区间跨度大,法官不按照鉴定意见确定责任及比例的现象并不罕见。在无鉴定意见时,法官也会判决医疗机构承担责任。故认定我国医疗损害纠纷司法实践中普遍存在“以鉴代审”是误判。医疗损害鉴定意见只是一种证据,导致上述误判主要是因为法官视鉴定意见为规避绩效考核风险和规避当事人诘难的工具,当事人、相关研究者也起到推波助澜的作用。以技术型法官、专家辅助人取代鉴定人的路径并不奏效,应完善医疗诉讼裁判法官的考核机制,充分调动当事人参与鉴定程序。
The phenomenon that medical appraisal is over dependent on by judges in medical damages litigation is labeled as the“replacement of trial by appraisal”.Nevertheless,empirical study indicates that in the cases where the appraisal opinions are adopted,the ranges of the portion of liability corresponding with the types of liability in the appraisal opinion are wide,it is not rare for judges to decide liability and its portion not relying on the appraisal opinion,and the medical institution can be held liable without appraisal opinion.This data make the statement of replacement unpersuasive.The medical appraisal opinion is only a kind of evidence,helping judges to make the facts clear.There is gap between the replacement statement and the real function of appraisal.The misunderstanding is brought by the judges intention to avoid risks from the performance review and complaint from the parties,the complaint from the parties and some researchers also intensify the misunderstanding.The approach to replace appraisers by technical judges and expert assistants does not work.The evaluation system for medical case judges should be improved,and the parties should be encouraged to participate in the appraisal procedure.
作者
董春华
DONG Chunhua(Intellectual Property School,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)
出处
《中国司法鉴定》
2024年第1期91-98,共8页
Chinese Journal of Forensic Sciences
基金
国民卫生健康治理法治化研究(20&ZD187)。
关键词
以鉴代审
鉴定意见
专家辅助人
法律判断
replacement of trial by forensic appraisal
appraisal opinion
expert assistant
legal judgment