马克思政治解放批判及其对人的解放逻辑进路的开解——基于《论犹太人问题》的文本考察

Marx s Criticism of Political Emancipation and Its Solution to Path of Human Emancipation Logic——Based on Textual Investigation of On the Jewish Question

马克思在批判鲍威尔关于犹太人问题基本观点的过程中阐释了政治解放批判思想。在肯定鲍威尔宗教批判合理性的基础上,马克思将犹太人解放问题转化为世俗问题,展开政治解放批判。马克思认为,宗教在完成了的政治国家仍是富有生命力的存在,这恰恰蕴含着政治解放的必然限度。政治解放必然导致个体异化和国家异化,必然要经由市民社会批判,使得社会从犹太精神中解放出来,实现人的世界即各种关系回归于人自身,达到人的解放的目标。

Marx explained the critical thought of political emancipation in the process of criticizing Powell s basic views on the Jewish question.On the basis of affirming the rationality of Powell s religious criticism,Marx turned the issue of Jewish emancipation into a secular issue and carried out the criticism of political emancipation.Marx believed that religion was still a vital existence in the completed political state,which precisely contained the inevitable limits of political emancipation.Political emancipation inevitably led to individual alienation and national alienation,and criticized by civil society,making society liberate from the Jewish spirit and realize the human world,that is,all kinds of relations returned to human beings themselves,and reached the goal of human emancipation.