欧美变态反应专科医师培训体系:历史与现状

Allergy specialty training in Europe and the United States:History and current status

自20世纪中叶起,欧洲和美国逐渐成立了一批变态反应学专业组织或学会,并在此基础上逐渐建立起变态反应专科医师培训体系。变态反应专科医师培养路径通常要求申请人在获得医学博士学位、完成住院医师培训(多为内科或儿科)的基础上,接受变态反应学及相关学科的专科培训,并通过相应的认证考试。在美国,由变态反应与免疫学委员会(ABAI)统一进行专科医师资质认证;而欧洲各国在学科设置、专科培养计划方面则存在一定差异。相对统一的培训计划和认证标准对于保证本专科医疗质量非常重要。随着社会发展和环境变化,人们对变态反应及免疫性疾病诊治的需求进一步增加,亟需培养一批具备临床诊治能力和科学研究思路的专科医师。本文旨在对欧美变态反应专科医师培训的历史沿革、培养路径及培训现状进行全面阐述,为我国变态反应专科培训体系的规范化建设提供参考。

Since the mid-20th century,a series of specialty societies of allergy has been gradually established in Europe and the United States,which laid the foundation of allergy specialty training.The training path for allergy specialists typically requires applicants to hold a Doctor of Medicine degree,to complete residency training(often in internal medicine or pediatrics),to receive specialized training in allergy and related disciplines and to pass the certification examination.In the United States,specialization certification is issued by the ABAI(American Board of Allergy and Immunology),while European countries differ in disciplinary settings and specialized training programs.Consistent training programs and certification standards are crucial for ensuring the medical care quality of specialty.With the ongoing societal and environmental changes,the medical demand in the field of Allergy and Immunology continues to rise,which necessitates adequate allergist equipped with both clinical capabilities and scientific literacy.This article aims to elaborate the historical evolution,training paths,and current status of allergy specialty training in Europe and America,thereby providing insights for the development of standardized allergy specialty training systems in our country.