浅议中医临床“同理心”的表现、特点和能力培养

Discuss the Performance,Characteristics and Ability Training of"Empathy"in TCM Clinical Practice

同理心是现代临床医生需要具备的基本素养之一。传统中医虽无同理心其名,确有其实。中医临床同理心,受到中国优秀传统文化滋养,见之于中医典籍和历代名医名家临床实践,在现代高等中医药院校治学精神思想中得到传承。但目前中医高等教育对于“同理心”的专门训练课程相对匮乏。本文首先简述了“同理心”概念的内涵、历史,以及神经科学机制;其次梳理了传统中医临床中“同理心”的表现和特点;最后借鉴现代医学、心理学,并结合中医学科自身特色,为中医临床“同理心”能力的培养方式建言献策。

Empathy is one of the basic qualities that modern clinicians need to possess.Although traditional Chinese medicine has no definition for empathy,it does have practical applications.TCM clinical empathy,nurtured by Chinese excellent traditional culture,can be seen in TCM classics and clinical practice of famous doctors of previous generations,and has been inherited in the spiritual thinking of modern colleges and universities of Chinese medicine.However,at present,there is a relative lack of special training courses for"empathy"in Chinese medicine higher education.This paper first briefly describes the connotation,history,and neuroscience mechanism of the concept of"empathy".Secondly,the manifestations and characteristics of"empathy"in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine were sorted out.Finally,we use modern medicine and psychology for reference,and combine the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine to make suggestions for the cultivation of the ability of"empathy"in clinical Chinese medicine.