贵州植烟土壤氮·磷·钾丰缺指标的研究

Study on the Abundance-deficiency Indices of Soil Nitrogen,Phosphorus,Potassium for Tobacco Planting Soils in Guizhou

为建立贵州植烟土壤的氮、磷、钾养分丰缺指标,根据在贵州遵义、毕节和黔东南开展的烟草肥料试验,分析土壤有效氮、磷、钾养分含量与烟叶相对产量之间的相关性,以缺素区与全量施肥区烟叶相对产量≥95%、85%~<95%、65%~<85%、50%~<65%和<50%为标准,将对应的土壤速效养分分别划分为极高、高、中、低和极低5个等级。结果显示,贵州各试验点植烟土壤碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾平均值分别为122.66、32.52和347.25 mg/kg,而缺氮、缺磷、缺钾处理烟叶相对产量平均值分别为84.00%、91.97%和101.00%。经过关系方程推算得出,贵州植烟土壤极高、高、中、低和极低肥力等级碱解氮指标分别为≥134.9、123.8~<134.9、101.5~<123.8、84.8~<101.5和<84.8 mg/kg,有效磷指标分别为≥34.5、28.0~<34.5、14.9~<28.0、5.1~<14.9和<5.1 mg/kg,速效钾指标分别为≥324.0、285.3~<324.0、207.8~<285.3、149.6~<207.8和<149.6 mg/kg,可为贵州烟草产区合理施肥提供参考和指导。

In order to establish the abundance-deficiency indices of soil nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium for tobacco planting soils in Guizhou Province,the correlation between the content of available nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrients in soil and the relative yield of tobacco leaves was analyzed based on fertilizing experiments we performed in Zunyi,Bijie and Qiandongnan.Based on the criteria that the relative yield of tobacco leaves was≥95%,85%-<95%,65%-<85%,50%-<65%,and<50%in the nutrient deficient plots,the corresponding soil available nutrients were divided into five grades,namely,extremely high,high,medium,low,and extremely low.The results showed that the average values of available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium were 122.66,32.52,and 347.25 mg/kg,respectively.The average relative yields of tobacco leaves under nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium deficiency treatments were 84.00%,91.97%,and 101.00%,respectively.According to the calculation of the relationship equation,the indexes of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the extremely high,high,medium,low,and very low fertility grades of tobacco planting soils in Guizhou are≥134.9,123.8-<134.9,101.5-<123.8,84.8-<101.5,and<84.8 mg/kg,the indexes of available phosphorus are≥34.5,28.0-<34.5,14.9-<28.0,5.1-<14.9,and<5.1 mg/kg,and the indexes of available potassium are≥324.0,285.3-<324.0,207.8-<285.3,149.6-<207.8,and<149.6 mg/kg,respectively.It would provide reference and guidance for rational fertilization in Guizhou tobacco planting areas.