喀什地区耕地土壤养分分析及肥力评价

Analysis of Nutrient Content and Fertility Evaluation of Arable Soil in Kashgar Prefecture

[目的]明确喀什地区各县市耕地土壤养分丰缺分布状况,并对土壤肥力进行系统性评价分析,为喀什地区耕地土壤养分管理及精准施肥提供科学依据,从而提高喀什地区耕地的可生产能力,促进喀什地区农业产业的可持续发展。[方法]2020—2021年在喀什地区12个行政县市区域采集1 030份耕地土壤样品,分别测定土壤pH、有机质、总氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效氮、有效铜、有效铁、有效锰、有效锌、有效硼和有效钼含量12个养分指标,通过运用全国第二次土壤普查养分分级标准及土壤综合肥力指数分析法,对耕地土壤肥力实施了全面、系统的评估分析。[结果]喀什地区耕地土壤pH为7.47~8.63,土壤pH偏高,盐碱化现象较为严重;土壤有机质、总氮、碱解氮含量偏低,从各县市区域土壤变异系数来看,土壤中的三者普遍不高,处于中下水平;土壤有效磷和有效钾含量丰富,但土壤变异系数较高,存在分布不均衡现象;耕地土壤中有效铜、有效铁含量在各县市中含量丰富,但仍存在有效铁含量不足的地块;有效锰含量处于中等偏低水平,有效锌和有效硼含量处于中等水平,但土壤样品中的变异系数较高,存在分布不均衡现象;有效钼含量在各县市区域的土壤中含量很低。喀什地区耕地土壤的综合肥力指数为0.406 9~0.623 4,整体均值为0.504 0,喀什地区各县市的耕地土壤肥力均处于中等水平,且各县市区域的土壤肥力差异很小。喀什地区各县市的耕地土壤肥力均呈中等水平,土壤pH含量较高,有机质、总氮和碱解氮含量较低,土壤有效磷、速效钾、有效铁、有效锰、有效锌和有效硼含量存在分布不平衡现象,土壤有效钼含量较低。[结论]各县市应增加有机肥的施入量,进行土壤盐碱化改良,并结合该地的测土施肥结果,开展精准施肥方案,避免造成盲目施肥或者土壤养分不足的现象发生。

[Objective]The purpose of this study was to identify the distribution of nutrient abundance and deficiency in the arable land of various counties and cities in Kashgar prefecture,and to conduct a systematic evaluation and analysis of soil fertility,in order to provide scientific basis for the management of arable land soil nutrients and precision fertilization in Kashgar prefecture,thus improving the productive capacity of arable land in the region and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture industry.[Method]Between 2020 and 2021,1030 samples of cultivated soil were collected from 12 administrative counties and urban areas in Kashgar prefecture,and 12 nutrient indicators such as soil pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,available copper,available iron,available manganese,available zinc,available boron,and available molybdenum were determined.A comprehensive analysis and evaluation of arable land soil fertility was conducted using the national second soil census nutrient grading standards and soil comprehensive fertility index analysis methods.[Result]The pH range of arable land soil in Kashgar prefecture was 7.47-8.63,with high soil pH values and relatively serious salinization;soil organic matter,total nitrogen,and available nitrogen contents were low,at middle-to-low levels,with lower soil variation coefficients in various counties and urban areas;soil available phosphorus and potassium were abundant,but with higher variation coefficients,indicating imbalanced distribution;available copper and iron concentrations in cultivated soils were rich across counties and cities,though some areas still had insufficient available iron;available manganese levels were medium to low,while available zinc and boron levels were medium,with higher variation coefficients in soil samples,indicating an uneven distribution;available molybdenum levels were very low in the soil of various counties and urban areas.The comprehensive fertility index of arable land soil in Kashgar prefecture ranged from 0.4069 to 0.6234,with an overall mean value of 0.5040,and the soil fertility of arable land in various counties and cities was at a medium level,with little difference among them.The soil fertility of arable land in various counties and cities in Kashgar prefecture was at a medium level,with high soil pH values,low organic matter,total nitrogen,and available nitrogen contents,imbalanced distribution of available phosphorus,available potassium,available iron,available manganese,available zinc,and available boron,and low available molybdenum content.[Conclusion]It is recommended that each county and city increase the application of organic fertilizers,improve soil salinization,and implement precision fertilization plans based on local soil testing results to avoid blind fertilization or insufficient soil nutrient supply.