从横向上的“一张图”到纵向上的“金字塔”:地理国情数据的多尺度表达

From horizontal“one map”to vertical“pyramid”:multi-scale expression of geographical national condition data

地理国情普查成果描述了自然地表和人文地理要素的空间分布、特征及其相互关系,在制定和实施国家战略发展与规划、优化国土空间开发格局、优化各类资源配置工作中发挥着重要作用。为了从全局观念、系统性整体化应用好该普查成果,成果管理部门在横向上建立了“一张图工程”,通过空间数据库技术将地理国情调查成果全覆盖、无重叠、无缝隙地展示。然而,为了面向不同级别行政部门管理、不同层次行业部门应用、不同详略信息数据提取,成果表达还应进一步在纵向上构建多级“金字塔式”数据组织,灵活有效地为不同应用需求输出合适级别的成果数据,金字塔结构不同层次数据对应不同水准的应用需求,同时跨层次间的数据联系反映了同一区域的地理国情状况在不同视图下的表达。本文系统地讨论地理国情普查成果构建金字塔式数据表达的技术方法,涉及众源大数据处理、地图综合与尺度变换、多级瓦片地图架构、跨层次级联更新等技术的应用。

The census results of geographical national conditions describe the spatial distribution,characteristics,and interactions of natural and human geographical elements.They play a crucial role in formulating and implementing national strategies for development and planning,optimizing the spatial development pattern of the national territory,and improving the allocation of various resources.In order to systematically and comprehensively utilize the census results from a global perspective,the result management department has horizontally set up the“One Map Project.”Through spatial database technology,the census results of geographical national conditions are expressed and displayed in a full-coverage,nooverlap,and no-gap manner.However,to meet the management needs of administrative departments at different levels,the application needs of industry sectors in different fields,and the extraction needs of detailed information data,the expression of the census results requires the construction of a vertical data organization based on a multi-level“pyramid”structure,so as to flexibly and effectively output suitable result data for different application requirements.The data at different levels in the pyramid structure corresponds to different application requirements,and the data connections across levels can reflect the geographical national conditions in the same region under different views.This study systematically discussed the technical methods for realizing data expression of the census results of geographical national conditions based on a pyramid structure,involving the application of technologies such as crowdsourced big data processing,map generalization and scale transformation,multi-level tile map architecture,and cross-level cascading renewal.