人工智能推动的高技能人才需求与能力结构变迁研究——以人机智能协作的模式差异为视角

Research on the Demand for and Changes in the Skill Structure of High-skilled Talents Driven by Artificial Intelligence:A Perspective on the Differences in Human-machine Intelligent Collaboration Patterns

人工智能对许多职业产生了明显影响,人机智能协作将成为常态。基于对不同任务类型下人类和当前人工智能技术的优势特征分析,人机智能协作可归纳为智能工具型、协同合作型和重塑补充型三种典型模式。三种模式下的人机分工和协同工作方式差别显著,因此也造成了社会人才需求尤其是高技能应用型人才的需求状况和适应性能力结构要求的巨大差异。智能工具型协作模式下高技能人才的职业能力核心是新型智能化业务实践能力,协同合作型协作模式下的高技能人才的职业能力核心则是以统筹人机智能系统实现职业功能为根本的智能协作能力,重塑补充型协作模式下高技能人才需求则会被人工智能大量替代。

Artificial intelligence(AI)has had a significant impact on many professions,and human-machine intelligent collaboration will become the norm.Based on an analysis of the advantages and characteristics of humans and current AI technologies in different task types,human-machine intelligent collaboration can be categorized into three typical patterns:intelligent tool-based,cooperative collaboration-based,and reshaping supplementation-based.The differences in human-machine division of labor and collaborative work methods among these three patterns have resulted in significant differences in the demand for high-skilled talents,especially in terms of the requirements for adaptability and skill structure.In the intelligent tool-based pattern,the core occupational ability of high-skilled talents lies in the new intelligent business practices.In the cooperative collaboration-based pattern,the core ability is the intelligent collaborative capability based on coordinating human-machine intelligent systems to achieve occupational functions fundamentally.In the reshaping supplementation-based pattern,the demand for high-skilled talents will be greatly replaced by AI.