地基BDS/GNSS水汽监测在水利领域的研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospects of ground-based BDS/GNSS water vapor monitoring in the field of water conservancy

地球上几乎所有的水汽都集中在对流层,水汽含量对全球气温、降水等气象要素都有很大的影响,在一定程度上可以影响地球气候变化,在全球范围内调节热量平衡.对对流层水汽监测、水资源管理、极端天气预警和气候变化研究等具有十分重要的作用.在北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, BDS)/GNSS技术持续发展和完善的过程中,BDS/GNSS大气可降水量反演(precipitable water vapor,PWV)逐渐成为一种新型的水汽探测技术,相较于传统水汽探测技术可实现对水汽高精度、近实时的监测.本文对BDS/GNSS PWV反演的发展历程及研究现状进行了系统地综述,阐明其反演原理与方法,主要从高精度水汽监测、降水短临预报、气候变化及旱涝监测方面分析地基BDS/GNSS水汽监测在水利领域中的应用与发展方向.

Almost all water vapor on Earth is concentrated in the troposphere,the content of it has a significant impact on global temperature,precipitation,and other meteorological factors,which can to some extent affect Earth’s climate change and regulate heat balance on a global scale.Tropospheric water vapor monitoring plays a crucial role in water resource management,extreme weather warning,and climate change research.In the process of continuous development and improvement of BDS/GNSS global satellite navigation technology,the retrieval of precipitable water vapor by BDS/GNSS has gradually become a new type of water vapor detection technology.Compared with traditional water vapor detection technology,BDS/GNSS can achieve high-precision and near real-time monitoring of water vapor.To deepen researchers’understanding of BDS/GNSS precipitable water vapor(PWV),the paper provides a systematic review of the development process and research status of the retrieval of BDS/GNSS PWV,elucidating its inversion principles and methods.It mainly analyzes the application and development direction of ground-based BDS/GNSS water vapor monitoring in the field of water conservancy from high-precision water vapor monitoring,short-term and imminent rainfall forecasting,climate change,and drought&flood monitoring.