气候人类学的理论与方法

Theories and Methods of Climate Anthropology

气候人类学是在全球气候变化背景下形成的一门人类学新兴学科,其学科渊源可以追溯到气候决定论和民族气候学等早期关于气候与人类社会的研究,这些研究试图找到因气候而产生的人类社会特点。人类学对“人为气候变化”的研究是当代气候人类学诞生的基础,气候人类学在反思工业文明带来的环境问题中萌芽,在人类学对全球气候变化现象的日益关注中正式形成,研究方向呈现出气候民族志与地方性知识两个发展趋势。气候人类学研究中较有影响的理论范式包括文化生态学、文化解释学和批判人类学,并形成了多尺度的民族志、多维度的整体观、跨文化的比较和跨学科的视角相结合的综合研究方法。气候人类学拓展并促进了人类学、特别是生态人类学的发展,同时学科所强调的不同价值观和知识体系,可以帮助人类以更公正和更有效的方式理解和应对全球气候危机。中国气候人类学的学科发展在与国际同步的同时,也关注与气候相关的历史文化、哲学思想和生态智慧,并结合当代中国提出的习近平生态文明思想和绿色发展理念。

Climate anthropology is an emerging discipline formed in the context of global climate change.Its disciplinary origins can be traced back to early studies on climate and human society such as climate determinism and ethnoclimatology,which attempted to discern the characteristics of human society in relation to climate.The anthropological study of“anthropogenic climate change”provides the basis for contemporary climate anthropology,rooted in reflections on the environmental problems brought about by industrial civilization,formed out of concern for the phenomenon of global climate change.The research direction presents two development trends:climate ethnography and local knowledge.The relatively influential theoretical paradigms in climate anthropology include cultural ecology,cultural hermeneutics,and critical anthropology,and a comprehensive research method combining a multi-scale ethnography,a multi-dimensional holistic view,a cross-cultural comparison and an interdisciplinary perspective has been formed.Climate anthropology expands and promotes the development of anthropology,especially ecological anthropology.The different values and knowledge systems that this discipline emphasizes can help humanity understand and respond to the global climate crisis in a more just and effective way.The disciplinary development of climate anthropology in China not only keeps pace with the international community,but also pays attention to the historical,cultural,philosophical and ecological wisdom related to climate,benefiting from Xi Jinping’s view of ecological civilization and green development in contemporary China.