秩序重建视角下的北宋儒佛关系——对余英时《朱熹的历史世界》一个观点的补充论证

A Study on the Relationship between Confucianism and Buddhism in the Northern Song Dynasty from the Perspective of Order Reconstruction

在宋初“以儒为主,佛道为辅”政策的基础上,佛教虽强调自身参与教化的正当性,但这并不构成儒、佛对秩序重建主导权的“争夺”。在儒学大兴的背景下,庆历儒者在儒学之道的唯一性和排他性的基础上,否定佛教参与教化的正当性,这是北宋儒佛“争夺”秩序重建主导权的起点。契嵩应时而起,提出儒佛一贯理论,强调“道”的开放性和“心一迹异”的方法,消解了儒学之道的唯一性和排他性,并明确倡导佛教方为教化之本。后来的儒者围绕“道”的开放性和“心—迹”关系的争论显示,“秩序重建”既是北宋儒、佛关系的主题之一,也是超越儒、佛关系的时代主题。

In the early Song Dynasty,both Confucianism and Buddhism agreed with the policy of"Confucianism as the main religion,Buddhism and Taoism as the auxiliary".Although Buddhism emphasized the legitimacy of its own participation in civilizing,it did not constitute the"competition"of Confucianism and Buddhism for the dominant power of order reconstruction.Under the background of the revival of confucianism,Confucians denied the legitimacy of Buddhism's participation in civilizing on the basis of the uniqueness and exclusivity of Confucianism,which was the starting point of the competition between Confucianism and Buddhism.Qi Song put forward the identity of Confucianism and Buddhism.Through the open view of"Tao"and combine Confucianism with Buddhism through"one mind-heart",he clearly advocated Buddhism as the foundation of civilizing.The debate shows that"order reconstruction"is not only one of the themes of the relationship between Confucianism and Buddhism,but also the theme of the times.